CRAT QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
Micronutrients - ANSWERVitamins and minerals
Structure of micronutrients - ANSWERIndividual units
Functions of micronutrients - ANSWERAssist with energy release from energy
nutrients, do not yield energy themselves
Units for micronutrients - ANSWERMicrograms
Macronutrients - ANSWERCarbs, fats, protein
Structure of macronutrients - ANSWERCan be polymers
Function of macronutrients - ANSWERMetabolized for ATP
Units for macronutrients - ANSWERGrams
Can the body make vitamins and minerals? - ANSWERNo they are essential,
body cannot make enough (if at all)
Vitamin characteristics - ANSWER-Single units that aid in metabolism
-Organic
,-Fat and water soluble
-Vulnerable to degradation
Mineral characteristics - ANSWER-Elements that aid in nerve impulses, fluid
balance, formation of many types of tissues and fluids
-Inorganic
-Water soluble (forms ions)
-Less vulnerable to degradation
Absorption of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERDirectly into bloodstream
Transport of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERFree circulation in bloodstream
Storage of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERFree circulation in water-filled
areas
Excretion of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERExcreted by kidneys into the
urine
Toxicity of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERLess toxic, risk when using
supplements
Requirements of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERNeeded in frequent doses
(1-3 days)
Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERLymph --> bloodstream
, Transport of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERMany require transport proteins
Storage of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERStored in fat cells
Excretion of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERLess readily excreted, remain in fat
cells
Toxicity of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERHigher risk of toxicity, especially
with supplements
Requirements of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERNeeded in periodic doses
(weeks or months)
Vitamin A characteristics - ANSWER-Fat soluble
-Group of compounds called "retinoids"
-Dietary form of A "retinol"
-Plant precursor "beta-carotene"
Animal sources of vitamin A "retinol" - ANSWERLiver, fish oil, butter, dairy
Plant sources of vitamin A "beta carotene" - ANSWERKale, carrots, spinach
Function of vitamin A - ANSWERVital role in maintaining vision, immune
function, growth and development, reproductive health, antioxidant, cell
differentiation
Micronutrients - ANSWERVitamins and minerals
Structure of micronutrients - ANSWERIndividual units
Functions of micronutrients - ANSWERAssist with energy release from energy
nutrients, do not yield energy themselves
Units for micronutrients - ANSWERMicrograms
Macronutrients - ANSWERCarbs, fats, protein
Structure of macronutrients - ANSWERCan be polymers
Function of macronutrients - ANSWERMetabolized for ATP
Units for macronutrients - ANSWERGrams
Can the body make vitamins and minerals? - ANSWERNo they are essential,
body cannot make enough (if at all)
Vitamin characteristics - ANSWER-Single units that aid in metabolism
-Organic
,-Fat and water soluble
-Vulnerable to degradation
Mineral characteristics - ANSWER-Elements that aid in nerve impulses, fluid
balance, formation of many types of tissues and fluids
-Inorganic
-Water soluble (forms ions)
-Less vulnerable to degradation
Absorption of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERDirectly into bloodstream
Transport of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERFree circulation in bloodstream
Storage of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERFree circulation in water-filled
areas
Excretion of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERExcreted by kidneys into the
urine
Toxicity of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERLess toxic, risk when using
supplements
Requirements of water-soluble vitamins - ANSWERNeeded in frequent doses
(1-3 days)
Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERLymph --> bloodstream
, Transport of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERMany require transport proteins
Storage of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERStored in fat cells
Excretion of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERLess readily excreted, remain in fat
cells
Toxicity of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERHigher risk of toxicity, especially
with supplements
Requirements of fat-soluble vitamins - ANSWERNeeded in periodic doses
(weeks or months)
Vitamin A characteristics - ANSWER-Fat soluble
-Group of compounds called "retinoids"
-Dietary form of A "retinol"
-Plant precursor "beta-carotene"
Animal sources of vitamin A "retinol" - ANSWERLiver, fish oil, butter, dairy
Plant sources of vitamin A "beta carotene" - ANSWERKale, carrots, spinach
Function of vitamin A - ANSWERVital role in maintaining vision, immune
function, growth and development, reproductive health, antioxidant, cell
differentiation
