Nur 155 Nursing Exam Test Questions And Answers
(Verified Answers)
1. A severely obese patient has undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. In
planning postoperative care, the nurse anticipates that the patient
A. may have severe diarrhea early in the postoperative period.
B. will not be allowed to ambulate for 1 to 2 days postoperatively.
C. will require nasogastric suction until the incision heals.
D. may have only liquids orally, and in very limited amounts, during the postop-
erative period.: D. may have only liquids orally, and in very limited amounts, during the postoperative period.
Rationale:
During the immediate postoperative period, water and sugar-free clear liquids are given (30 mL every 2 hours while
the patient is awake).
2. You are providing care to a patient with COPD who is receiving medical treat-
ment for exacerbation. The patient has a history of diabetes, hypertension,
and hyperlipidemia. The patient is experiencing extreme hyperglycemia. In
addition, the patient has multiple areas of bruising on the arms and legs. Which
medication ordered for this patient can cause hyperglycemia and bruising?
A) Prednisone
B) Atrovent
C) Flagyl
D) Levaquin: A) Prednisone
Rationale:
Prednisone is a corticosteroid and can cause hyperglycemia and bruising.
3. (SATA) Which of the following statements are incorrect about discharge teach-
ing that you would provide to a patient with COPD?
1. "It is best to eat three large meals a day that are relatively low in calories
2. "Avoid going outside during extremely hot or cold days."
3. "It is important to receive the Pneumovax vaccine annually."
,4. "Smoking cessation can help improve your symptoms."
A) 1,4
,B) 1,3
C) 2,4
D) 1,2,3
E) All of these
F) None: A) 1,4
Rational:
The answers are 1 and 4. The patient needs to eat high calorie and protein rich meals that are small but frequent. The
pneumovax is definitely recommended for patients with COPD but is given every 5 years (not annually).
4. Clients with chronic illnesses are more likely to get pneumonia when which
of the following situations is present?
A. Dehydration
B. Group living
C. Malnutrition
D. Severe periodontal disease: B. Group living
Rationale:
Clients with chronic illnesses generally have poor immune systems. Often, residing in group living situations increases
the chance of disease transmission. Pneumonia is a fairly prevalent disease and carries a heavy burden in all
populations. A study carried out by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) aimed at estimating its
burden in North America found that CAP accounted for the eighth leading cause of mortality in the United States and
the seventh leading cause of mortality in Canada after adjusting for various gender and age ditterences.
- Option A: Pneumonia can also cause dehydration from fever and decreased thirst and appetite, which may require
treatment with extra fluids intravenously. Potential benefits of fluids are replacing fluid lost because of fever or rapid
breathing, treating dehydration, and reducing the viscosity of mucus.
- Option C: Pneumonia is common in malnourished children and is frequently associated with fatal outcomes, especially
in children younger than 24 months of age. Studies consistently reported a two- to threefold greater risk of mortality
in cases with pneumonia associated with malnutrition. Therefore, pneumonia and malnutrition are two of the biggest
killers in childhood diseases.
- Option D: Various pathogenic bacteria have been found in patients with deep periodontal pockets. The association
between periodontal
, disease and pneumonia may be due to colonization by pathogenic bacteria in the periodontal pocket, as inhalation of
a pathogen is considered a risk factor for pneumonia
5. Which of the following organisms most commonly causes community-ac-
quired pneumonia in adults?
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Staphylococcus aureus: C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale:
Pneumococcal or streptococcal pneumonia, caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common cause of
community-acquired pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacterium that has historically been the most
common pathogen to cause CAP worldwide. In the era before antibiotics, S. pneumoniae was estimated to be the cause
of 95% of all cases of pneumonia. Currently, however, S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 15% of pneumonia cases in
the United States and 27% of cases worldwide today.
-Option A: H. influenzae is the most common cause of infection in children. Haemophilus influenzae is a bacteria
characterized as a small, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, and capnophilic gram-negative coccobacillus of the family
Pasteurellaceae. It is a common cause of a variety of invasive and non-invasive bacterial infections.
-Option B: Klebsiella species is the most common gram-negative organism found in the hospital setting. Today, K.
pneumoniae pneumonia is considered the most common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the United States,
and the organism accounts for 3% to 8% of all nosocomial bacterial infections.
-Option D: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus
is a major bacterial human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Infections are common both
in community-acquired as well as hospital-acquired settings and treatment remains challenging to manage due to the
emergence of multi-drug resistant strains such as MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
6. An elderly client with pneumonia may appear with which of the following
symptoms first?
A. Altered mental status and dehydration
B. Fever and chills
C. Hemoptysis and dyspnea
D. Pleuritic chest pain and cough: A. Altered mental status and dehydration
(Verified Answers)
1. A severely obese patient has undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. In
planning postoperative care, the nurse anticipates that the patient
A. may have severe diarrhea early in the postoperative period.
B. will not be allowed to ambulate for 1 to 2 days postoperatively.
C. will require nasogastric suction until the incision heals.
D. may have only liquids orally, and in very limited amounts, during the postop-
erative period.: D. may have only liquids orally, and in very limited amounts, during the postoperative period.
Rationale:
During the immediate postoperative period, water and sugar-free clear liquids are given (30 mL every 2 hours while
the patient is awake).
2. You are providing care to a patient with COPD who is receiving medical treat-
ment for exacerbation. The patient has a history of diabetes, hypertension,
and hyperlipidemia. The patient is experiencing extreme hyperglycemia. In
addition, the patient has multiple areas of bruising on the arms and legs. Which
medication ordered for this patient can cause hyperglycemia and bruising?
A) Prednisone
B) Atrovent
C) Flagyl
D) Levaquin: A) Prednisone
Rationale:
Prednisone is a corticosteroid and can cause hyperglycemia and bruising.
3. (SATA) Which of the following statements are incorrect about discharge teach-
ing that you would provide to a patient with COPD?
1. "It is best to eat three large meals a day that are relatively low in calories
2. "Avoid going outside during extremely hot or cold days."
3. "It is important to receive the Pneumovax vaccine annually."
,4. "Smoking cessation can help improve your symptoms."
A) 1,4
,B) 1,3
C) 2,4
D) 1,2,3
E) All of these
F) None: A) 1,4
Rational:
The answers are 1 and 4. The patient needs to eat high calorie and protein rich meals that are small but frequent. The
pneumovax is definitely recommended for patients with COPD but is given every 5 years (not annually).
4. Clients with chronic illnesses are more likely to get pneumonia when which
of the following situations is present?
A. Dehydration
B. Group living
C. Malnutrition
D. Severe periodontal disease: B. Group living
Rationale:
Clients with chronic illnesses generally have poor immune systems. Often, residing in group living situations increases
the chance of disease transmission. Pneumonia is a fairly prevalent disease and carries a heavy burden in all
populations. A study carried out by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) aimed at estimating its
burden in North America found that CAP accounted for the eighth leading cause of mortality in the United States and
the seventh leading cause of mortality in Canada after adjusting for various gender and age ditterences.
- Option A: Pneumonia can also cause dehydration from fever and decreased thirst and appetite, which may require
treatment with extra fluids intravenously. Potential benefits of fluids are replacing fluid lost because of fever or rapid
breathing, treating dehydration, and reducing the viscosity of mucus.
- Option C: Pneumonia is common in malnourished children and is frequently associated with fatal outcomes, especially
in children younger than 24 months of age. Studies consistently reported a two- to threefold greater risk of mortality
in cases with pneumonia associated with malnutrition. Therefore, pneumonia and malnutrition are two of the biggest
killers in childhood diseases.
- Option D: Various pathogenic bacteria have been found in patients with deep periodontal pockets. The association
between periodontal
, disease and pneumonia may be due to colonization by pathogenic bacteria in the periodontal pocket, as inhalation of
a pathogen is considered a risk factor for pneumonia
5. Which of the following organisms most commonly causes community-ac-
quired pneumonia in adults?
A. Haemophilus influenzae
B. Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
D. Staphylococcus aureus: C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Rationale:
Pneumococcal or streptococcal pneumonia, caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common cause of
community-acquired pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the bacterium that has historically been the most
common pathogen to cause CAP worldwide. In the era before antibiotics, S. pneumoniae was estimated to be the cause
of 95% of all cases of pneumonia. Currently, however, S. pneumoniae accounts for up to 15% of pneumonia cases in
the United States and 27% of cases worldwide today.
-Option A: H. influenzae is the most common cause of infection in children. Haemophilus influenzae is a bacteria
characterized as a small, facultatively anaerobic, pleomorphic, and capnophilic gram-negative coccobacillus of the family
Pasteurellaceae. It is a common cause of a variety of invasive and non-invasive bacterial infections.
-Option B: Klebsiella species is the most common gram-negative organism found in the hospital setting. Today, K.
pneumoniae pneumonia is considered the most common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the United States,
and the organism accounts for 3% to 8% of all nosocomial bacterial infections.
-Option D: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Staphylococcus aureus
is a major bacterial human pathogen that causes a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Infections are common both
in community-acquired as well as hospital-acquired settings and treatment remains challenging to manage due to the
emergence of multi-drug resistant strains such as MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
6. An elderly client with pneumonia may appear with which of the following
symptoms first?
A. Altered mental status and dehydration
B. Fever and chills
C. Hemoptysis and dyspnea
D. Pleuritic chest pain and cough: A. Altered mental status and dehydration
