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Chemistry: Structure and Properties 2nd Ed[tro]
Chemistry: Structure And Properties 2nd Edition By Nivaldo J. Tro
Test Bank, Questions And Answers (All Chapters 1-22)
Prose1 Stuvia
, Chapter 1: Atoms
Chapter 2: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
Chapter 3: Periodic Properties of the Elements
Chapter 4: Molecules and Compounds
Chapter 5: Chemical Bonding I: Drawing Lewis Structures and Determining
Molecular Shapes
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding II: Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital
Theory
Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities
Chapter 8: Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Reactions
Chapter 9: Thermochemistry
Chapter 10: Gases
Chapter 11: Liquids, Solids, Intermolecular Forces, and Phase Diagrams
Chapter 12: Crystalline Solids and Modern Materials
Chapter 13: Solutions
Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 16: Acids and Bases
Chapter 17: Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium
Chapter 18: Free Energy and Thermodynamics
Chapter 19: Electrochemistry
Chapter 20: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 21: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 22: Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
Chapter 1: Atoms - Test Bank
,Multiple Choice Questions (25 Questions)
1) An element has three stable isotopes with masses of 27.977 amu, 28.976 amu,
and 29.973 amu. The heavier two isotopes have an abundance of 4.68% and
3.09%, respectively. What is the atomic mass of the element?
A) 27.684 amu
B) 29.251 amu
C) 28.085 amu
D) 30.107 amu
E) 28.991 amu
Answer: C
Explanation: To find the atomic mass, calculate the weighted average of the isotopic
masses. The lightest isotope's abundance is 100% - (4.68% + 3.09%) = 92.23%. The
calculation is (0.9223 × 27.977 amu) + (0.0468 × 28.976 amu) + (0.0309 × 29.973 amu) =
25.80 amu + 1.356 amu + 0.926 amu = 28.082 amu, which rounds to 28.085 amu .
2) All of the following will lead to a homogeneous mixture EXCEPT
A) sugar and coffee.
B) mud and water.
C) salt and water.
D) iced tea and lemonade.
E) vinegar and water.
Answer: B
Explanation: A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout. Sugar in
coffee, salt in water, iced tea and lemonade, and vinegar in water all create uniform
solutions. Mud and water is a suspension where visible particles of mud settle over time,
making it a heterogeneous mixture .
3) How are gases different from solids and liquids?
A) Gases can only be made up of atoms.
B) The particles in a gas attract each other much more strongly than in solids and
liquids.
, C) Gases are compressible.
D) Only gases can take the shape of their container.
E) Gases are colorless.
Answer: C
Explanation: The key difference is that gases are compressible due to the large amount
of empty space between their rapidly moving particles. Solids and liquids have particles
that are much closer together, making them nearly incompressible .
4) A scientific law
A) is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and makes predictions.
B) is subject to change via legal action.
C) contains an explanation of observations.
D) must have a mathematical formula.
E) cannot be modified.
Answer: A
Explanation: A scientific law is a concise statement or mathematical equation that
summarizes a wide range of observations and can be used to predict future phenomena.
It describes what happens, while a theory explains why it happens .
5) All statements about scientific theories are true EXCEPT
A) they explain why nature behaves the way it does.
B) they must have the ability to make predictions on future behavior.
C) they should use observations to test the theory.
D) they are derived from a hypothesis.
E) they are speculation.
Answer: E
Explanation: Scientific theories are well-substantiated explanations of some aspect of
the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed
through observation and experiment. They are not mere speculation; they are the
highest level of scientific understanding .
Chemistry: Structure and Properties 2nd Ed[tro]
Chemistry: Structure And Properties 2nd Edition By Nivaldo J. Tro
Test Bank, Questions And Answers (All Chapters 1-22)
Prose1 Stuvia
, Chapter 1: Atoms
Chapter 2: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
Chapter 3: Periodic Properties of the Elements
Chapter 4: Molecules and Compounds
Chapter 5: Chemical Bonding I: Drawing Lewis Structures and Determining
Molecular Shapes
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding II: Valence Bond Theory and Molecular Orbital
Theory
Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities
Chapter 8: Introduction to Solutions and Aqueous Reactions
Chapter 9: Thermochemistry
Chapter 10: Gases
Chapter 11: Liquids, Solids, Intermolecular Forces, and Phase Diagrams
Chapter 12: Crystalline Solids and Modern Materials
Chapter 13: Solutions
Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics
Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 16: Acids and Bases
Chapter 17: Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium
Chapter 18: Free Energy and Thermodynamics
Chapter 19: Electrochemistry
Chapter 20: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 21: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 22: Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds
Chapter 1: Atoms - Test Bank
,Multiple Choice Questions (25 Questions)
1) An element has three stable isotopes with masses of 27.977 amu, 28.976 amu,
and 29.973 amu. The heavier two isotopes have an abundance of 4.68% and
3.09%, respectively. What is the atomic mass of the element?
A) 27.684 amu
B) 29.251 amu
C) 28.085 amu
D) 30.107 amu
E) 28.991 amu
Answer: C
Explanation: To find the atomic mass, calculate the weighted average of the isotopic
masses. The lightest isotope's abundance is 100% - (4.68% + 3.09%) = 92.23%. The
calculation is (0.9223 × 27.977 amu) + (0.0468 × 28.976 amu) + (0.0309 × 29.973 amu) =
25.80 amu + 1.356 amu + 0.926 amu = 28.082 amu, which rounds to 28.085 amu .
2) All of the following will lead to a homogeneous mixture EXCEPT
A) sugar and coffee.
B) mud and water.
C) salt and water.
D) iced tea and lemonade.
E) vinegar and water.
Answer: B
Explanation: A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout. Sugar in
coffee, salt in water, iced tea and lemonade, and vinegar in water all create uniform
solutions. Mud and water is a suspension where visible particles of mud settle over time,
making it a heterogeneous mixture .
3) How are gases different from solids and liquids?
A) Gases can only be made up of atoms.
B) The particles in a gas attract each other much more strongly than in solids and
liquids.
, C) Gases are compressible.
D) Only gases can take the shape of their container.
E) Gases are colorless.
Answer: C
Explanation: The key difference is that gases are compressible due to the large amount
of empty space between their rapidly moving particles. Solids and liquids have particles
that are much closer together, making them nearly incompressible .
4) A scientific law
A) is a brief statement that summarizes past observations and makes predictions.
B) is subject to change via legal action.
C) contains an explanation of observations.
D) must have a mathematical formula.
E) cannot be modified.
Answer: A
Explanation: A scientific law is a concise statement or mathematical equation that
summarizes a wide range of observations and can be used to predict future phenomena.
It describes what happens, while a theory explains why it happens .
5) All statements about scientific theories are true EXCEPT
A) they explain why nature behaves the way it does.
B) they must have the ability to make predictions on future behavior.
C) they should use observations to test the theory.
D) they are derived from a hypothesis.
E) they are speculation.
Answer: E
Explanation: Scientific theories are well-substantiated explanations of some aspect of
the natural world, based on a body of facts that have been repeatedly confirmed
through observation and experiment. They are not mere speculation; they are the
highest level of scientific understanding .
