AQA AS BIOLOGY PAPER 2 MARK SCHEME
TEST BANK 2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What are monomers of carbohydrates called? Answer:
Monosaccharides.
⩥ Beta Glucose Answer:
⩥ Alpha glucose Answer:
⩥ Glucose formula Answer: C₆H₁₂O₆
⩥ Name of the bond between monosaccharides? Answer: Glycosidic
bond.
⩥ What is sucrose made from? Answer: Glucose and fructose.
⩥ What is lactose made from? Answer: Glucose and galactose.
⩥ What is maltose made from? Answer: Two alpha glucose.
,⩥ Testing for reducing sugars? Answer: Add Benedict's reagent (blue)
and heat in a water bath at a boil. If present: Green → yellow → orange
→ brick red
⩥ Test for non-reducing sugars? Answer: Add dilute hydrochloric acid
and heat, neutralise with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate and add Benedicts
reagent.
⩥ What is the scientific name for carbohydrates? Answer:
Polysaccharides.
⩥ What is starch made of? Answer: Starch is a mixture of two
polysaccharides of alpha glucose: Amylose and amylopectin.
⩥ What is amylose? Answer: A long, unbranched alpha glucose chain.
The angles in it make it have a coiled shape which makes it compact and
effective for storage.
⩥ What is amylopectin? Answer: A long, braqnched alpha glucose chain.
The side branches mean that enzymes can get to and hydrolise
glycosidic bonds faster so glucose can be released quickly.
⩥ What is glycogen? Answer: A polysaccharide of alpha glucose with a
similar structure to starch except it is more branched, allowing even
faster energy release. It is also very compact.
,⩥ What is celluose? Answer: it is made of long. straight chains of beta
glucose. The chains are linked my hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils,
a strong fibre. The strong fibres allow it to provide structural support in
cells as cell walls.
⩥ How to test for starch. Answer: Add iodine which is dissolved in
potassium iodie ti the sample. Positive result: Turns blue-black. Negative
result: stays browny-orange.
⩥ Which of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids are not a polymer.
Answer: Lipids.
⩥ What are triglycerides made of? Answer: Glycerol and fatty acids.
⩥ What causes lipids to be insoluble in water? Answer: The hydrophobic
fatty acid tails.
⩥ What is the structure of a fatty acid? Answer:
⩥ What do double bonds cause in fatty acids? Answer: A kink in the
chain.
⩥ Triglyceride formation? Answer:
, ⩥ What are phospholipids? Answer: Similar to triglycerides, but one of
the fatty acid tails is replaced by a phosphate group head.
⩥ Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophillic and which part is
hydrophobic? Answer: The phosphate group is hydrophillic and the fatty
acid tail is hydrophobic.
⩥ What are triglycerides mainly used for? Answer: To store energy, they
are effective at this as the hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of energy. They
are also insoluble so do not affect the water potential of cells, preventing
swelling.
⩥ How much energy do lipids contain compared to carbohydrates?
Answer: Twice as much energy per gram.
⩥ Why do triglycerides bundle together in water? Answer: The fatty acid
tails are hydrophobic so face inwards, so are shielded by the glycerol
heads.
⩥ What role do phospholipids perform? Answer: They make up the
bilayer in cell membranes.
⩥ Test for lipids? Answer: The emulsion test: Shake substance with
ethanol and pour into water. A white emulsion forms if it is present.
TEST BANK 2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ What are monomers of carbohydrates called? Answer:
Monosaccharides.
⩥ Beta Glucose Answer:
⩥ Alpha glucose Answer:
⩥ Glucose formula Answer: C₆H₁₂O₆
⩥ Name of the bond between monosaccharides? Answer: Glycosidic
bond.
⩥ What is sucrose made from? Answer: Glucose and fructose.
⩥ What is lactose made from? Answer: Glucose and galactose.
⩥ What is maltose made from? Answer: Two alpha glucose.
,⩥ Testing for reducing sugars? Answer: Add Benedict's reagent (blue)
and heat in a water bath at a boil. If present: Green → yellow → orange
→ brick red
⩥ Test for non-reducing sugars? Answer: Add dilute hydrochloric acid
and heat, neutralise with Sodium Hydrogencarbonate and add Benedicts
reagent.
⩥ What is the scientific name for carbohydrates? Answer:
Polysaccharides.
⩥ What is starch made of? Answer: Starch is a mixture of two
polysaccharides of alpha glucose: Amylose and amylopectin.
⩥ What is amylose? Answer: A long, unbranched alpha glucose chain.
The angles in it make it have a coiled shape which makes it compact and
effective for storage.
⩥ What is amylopectin? Answer: A long, braqnched alpha glucose chain.
The side branches mean that enzymes can get to and hydrolise
glycosidic bonds faster so glucose can be released quickly.
⩥ What is glycogen? Answer: A polysaccharide of alpha glucose with a
similar structure to starch except it is more branched, allowing even
faster energy release. It is also very compact.
,⩥ What is celluose? Answer: it is made of long. straight chains of beta
glucose. The chains are linked my hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils,
a strong fibre. The strong fibres allow it to provide structural support in
cells as cell walls.
⩥ How to test for starch. Answer: Add iodine which is dissolved in
potassium iodie ti the sample. Positive result: Turns blue-black. Negative
result: stays browny-orange.
⩥ Which of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids are not a polymer.
Answer: Lipids.
⩥ What are triglycerides made of? Answer: Glycerol and fatty acids.
⩥ What causes lipids to be insoluble in water? Answer: The hydrophobic
fatty acid tails.
⩥ What is the structure of a fatty acid? Answer:
⩥ What do double bonds cause in fatty acids? Answer: A kink in the
chain.
⩥ Triglyceride formation? Answer:
, ⩥ What are phospholipids? Answer: Similar to triglycerides, but one of
the fatty acid tails is replaced by a phosphate group head.
⩥ Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophillic and which part is
hydrophobic? Answer: The phosphate group is hydrophillic and the fatty
acid tail is hydrophobic.
⩥ What are triglycerides mainly used for? Answer: To store energy, they
are effective at this as the hydrocarbon tails contain a lot of energy. They
are also insoluble so do not affect the water potential of cells, preventing
swelling.
⩥ How much energy do lipids contain compared to carbohydrates?
Answer: Twice as much energy per gram.
⩥ Why do triglycerides bundle together in water? Answer: The fatty acid
tails are hydrophobic so face inwards, so are shielded by the glycerol
heads.
⩥ What role do phospholipids perform? Answer: They make up the
bilayer in cell membranes.
⩥ Test for lipids? Answer: The emulsion test: Shake substance with
ethanol and pour into water. A white emulsion forms if it is present.
