GISP Exam Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
Data exploration—ANSWER--Data-centered query and analysis
Dynamic Segmentations—ANSWER--A data model that allows the use of linearly measured
data on a coordinate system
Georelational data model—ANSWER--A vector data model that uses a split system to store
geometries and attributes
GeoSpatial data—ANSWER--Data that describes both the locations and characteristics of
spatial features on the earth surface
Object-based data model—ANSWER--A data model that uses objects to organize spatial data
and stores geometries and attributes in a single system
Raster data model—ANSWER--A data model that uses a grid and cells to represent the
spatial variation of a feature
Relational Database—ANSWER--A collection of tables in which tables are connected to one
another by keys
Topology—ANSWER--A subfield of mathematics that when applied to GIS, ensures that the
spatial relationships between features are expressed explicitly
, Triangulated irregular network (TIN)—ANSWER--Composite vector data that approximate
the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
Vector data model—ANSWER--A spatial data model that uses points and their x y
coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and polygons
Azimuthal Projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that retains certain accurate
directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of map projection that uses a plane as the
projection surface
Central lines—ANSWER--The central parallel and the central meridian. Together, they define
the center or the origin of a map projection
Clarke 1866—ANSWER--A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis for the North
American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
Conformal projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that preserves local shapes
Conic Projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that uses a cone as the projection
surface
Cylindrical Projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that uses a cylinder as the
projection surface
Datum—ANSWER--The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates of a location. An
ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum
Datum shift—ANSWER--A change from one datum to another, such as from NAD27 to
NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts of point positions
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
(Grade A+)
Data exploration—ANSWER--Data-centered query and analysis
Dynamic Segmentations—ANSWER--A data model that allows the use of linearly measured
data on a coordinate system
Georelational data model—ANSWER--A vector data model that uses a split system to store
geometries and attributes
GeoSpatial data—ANSWER--Data that describes both the locations and characteristics of
spatial features on the earth surface
Object-based data model—ANSWER--A data model that uses objects to organize spatial data
and stores geometries and attributes in a single system
Raster data model—ANSWER--A data model that uses a grid and cells to represent the
spatial variation of a feature
Relational Database—ANSWER--A collection of tables in which tables are connected to one
another by keys
Topology—ANSWER--A subfield of mathematics that when applied to GIS, ensures that the
spatial relationships between features are expressed explicitly
, Triangulated irregular network (TIN)—ANSWER--Composite vector data that approximate
the terrain with a set of nonoverlapping triangles
Vector data model—ANSWER--A spatial data model that uses points and their x y
coordinates to construct spatial features of points, lines and polygons
Azimuthal Projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that retains certain accurate
directions. Azimuthal also refers to one type of map projection that uses a plane as the
projection surface
Central lines—ANSWER--The central parallel and the central meridian. Together, they define
the center or the origin of a map projection
Clarke 1866—ANSWER--A ground-measured ellipsoid, which is the basis for the North
American Datum of 1927 (NAD27)
Conformal projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that preserves local shapes
Conic Projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that uses a cone as the projection
surface
Cylindrical Projection—ANSWER--One type of map projection that uses a cylinder as the
projection surface
Datum—ANSWER--The basis for calculating the geographic coordinates of a location. An
ellipsoid is a required input to the derivation of a datum
Datum shift—ANSWER--A change from one datum to another, such as from NAD27 to
NAD83, which can result in substantial horizontal shifts of point positions
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
