GISP Exam Questions & Answers
(Grade A+)
Associating a map (such as a pdf without spatial information) or image (such as an aerial
image without spatial information) with spatial locations.—ANSWER--Georeferencing
Consisting of multiple points, points come in pairs that match the spatial location with a
point on an unreferenced image or map.—ANSWER--Control Points
A coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities.—
ANSWER--Spatial Reference System (SRS) or Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
It's a three-dimensional coordinate system with a well defined origin (the center of mass of
the Earth) and three orthogonal coordinate axes (X, Y, Z).—ANSWER--International Terrestrial
Reference System (ITRS)
Transforming coordinates from a curved earth to a flat map.—ANSWER--Map Projection
A global coordinate system - UTM zones are 6 degrees.—ANSWER--Universal Transverse
Mercator (UTM)
Model of the Earth as a spheroid (2 components, reference ellipsis and a set of survey points
both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative to the Earth).—ANSWER--Horizontal
Datum
, Reference point for elevations of surfaces and features on the Earth - could be based on
tidal, seas levels, gravimetric, based on a geoid.—ANSWER--Vertical Datum
Gravity based geodetic datum in North America.—ANSWER--NAVD88
Set of control whose geometric relationships are known, either through measurement or
calculation.—ANSWER--Geodetic Datum
Reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning System (GPS).—ANSWER--WGS
- World Geodetic System
Spatial reference system ID numbers, including EPSG codes defined by the International
Association of Oil and Gas Producers.—ANSWER--SRID Integer
Distance, Direction, Shape, Area—ANSWER--4 Distortions
Preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted - projecting Earth onto a cylinder tangent
to a meridian.—ANSWER--Mercator Projection
Planar (tangent) - used for air route distances - distances measured from the center are true
- distortion of other properties increases away from the center point.—ANSWER--Azimuthal
Equidistant
Preserves area, shape and distance gets distorted near the upper and lower regions of the
map - straight meridians and parallels - meridians are equally spaced and the parallels are
unequally spaced.—ANSWER--Cylindrical Equal - Area Projections
Preserves directions and areas in limited areas - distorts distances and scale except along
standard parallels - generated by projecting a spherical surface onto a cone.—ANSWER--
Conic Projections
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
(Grade A+)
Associating a map (such as a pdf without spatial information) or image (such as an aerial
image without spatial information) with spatial locations.—ANSWER--Georeferencing
Consisting of multiple points, points come in pairs that match the spatial location with a
point on an unreferenced image or map.—ANSWER--Control Points
A coordinate-based local, regional or global system used to locate geographical entities.—
ANSWER--Spatial Reference System (SRS) or Coordinate Reference System (CRS)
It's a three-dimensional coordinate system with a well defined origin (the center of mass of
the Earth) and three orthogonal coordinate axes (X, Y, Z).—ANSWER--International Terrestrial
Reference System (ITRS)
Transforming coordinates from a curved earth to a flat map.—ANSWER--Map Projection
A global coordinate system - UTM zones are 6 degrees.—ANSWER--Universal Transverse
Mercator (UTM)
Model of the Earth as a spheroid (2 components, reference ellipsis and a set of survey points
both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative to the Earth).—ANSWER--Horizontal
Datum
, Reference point for elevations of surfaces and features on the Earth - could be based on
tidal, seas levels, gravimetric, based on a geoid.—ANSWER--Vertical Datum
Gravity based geodetic datum in North America.—ANSWER--NAVD88
Set of control whose geometric relationships are known, either through measurement or
calculation.—ANSWER--Geodetic Datum
Reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning System (GPS).—ANSWER--WGS
- World Geodetic System
Spatial reference system ID numbers, including EPSG codes defined by the International
Association of Oil and Gas Producers.—ANSWER--SRID Integer
Distance, Direction, Shape, Area—ANSWER--4 Distortions
Preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted - projecting Earth onto a cylinder tangent
to a meridian.—ANSWER--Mercator Projection
Planar (tangent) - used for air route distances - distances measured from the center are true
- distortion of other properties increases away from the center point.—ANSWER--Azimuthal
Equidistant
Preserves area, shape and distance gets distorted near the upper and lower regions of the
map - straight meridians and parallels - meridians are equally spaced and the parallels are
unequally spaced.—ANSWER--Cylindrical Equal - Area Projections
Preserves directions and areas in limited areas - distorts distances and scale except along
standard parallels - generated by projecting a spherical surface onto a cone.—ANSWER--
Conic Projections
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
