Radiation Therapy Chapter 1 Exam Questions and Answers With Verified
Solutions 2025
Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?
a. 1600 BC Egypt
b. 1600 AD England
c. 400 BC Greece
d. 1900 AD Germany - ✔✔A
The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.
p. 3
2. Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process?
a. Anti-oncogenes
b. Oncogenes
c. Proto-oncogenes
d. Somato-oncogenes - ✔✔D
Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been identified as playing a part in the
development of tumors. Somato-oncogenes do not exist.
p. 3
3. Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as ___________.
a. anti-oncogenes
b. oncogenes
c. proto-oncogenes
d. somato-oncogenes - ✔✔A
Although more commonly called tumor-suppressor genes, these genes are also known as anti-
oncogenes.
,p. 3
4. Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. G3 - ✔✔D
G0 is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and G2 are growth phases during the
mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae species demonstrate a relatively long phase between
nuclear division and cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not part of the mammalian cell cycle.
pp. 3-4
5. Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional cells not preparing for DNA
replication?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M - ✔✔A
G0 is typically depicted outside the cell cycle because cells in this phase are not preparing for DNA
synthesis.
pp. 3-4
6. In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
, d. S
e. M - ✔✔D
"S" is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA synthesis occurs.
p. 4
7. Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.
a. G1, G2, M, S
b. G1, G2, S, M
c. G1, M, G2, S
d. G1, S, G2, M - ✔✔D
The typical mammalian cell will move from G1 to S, followed by G2, and then M. Some cells will
eventually pause in G0 after M.
pp. 3-4
8. Which of the following is true of anaplastic tumors?
a. Closely resemble the cells of origin
b. Maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin
c. Do not resemble the cells of origin - ✔✔C
Anaplastic tumors are also known as undifferentiated tumors. Undifferentiated cells do not resemble
the normal cells of origin.
p. 4
9. Which of the following is (are) true of benign tumors?
a. Well differentiated
b. Do not metastasize
c. Encapsulated
Solutions 2025
Knowledge of cancer dates back to which of the following?
a. 1600 BC Egypt
b. 1600 AD England
c. 400 BC Greece
d. 1900 AD Germany - ✔✔A
The first known observations of cancer date back to 1600 BC Egypt.
p. 3
2. Which of the following is not a term for genes involved in the cancer process?
a. Anti-oncogenes
b. Oncogenes
c. Proto-oncogenes
d. Somato-oncogenes - ✔✔D
Anti-oncogenes, oncogenes, and proto-oncogenes have all been identified as playing a part in the
development of tumors. Somato-oncogenes do not exist.
p. 3
3. Tumor-suppressor genes are also known as ___________.
a. anti-oncogenes
b. oncogenes
c. proto-oncogenes
d. somato-oncogenes - ✔✔A
Although more commonly called tumor-suppressor genes, these genes are also known as anti-
oncogenes.
,p. 3
4. Which of the following is not a phase of the mammalian cell cycle?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. G3 - ✔✔D
G0 is a resting phase where cells do not enter mitosis. G1 and G2 are growth phases during the
mammalian cell cycle. Although some algae species demonstrate a relatively long phase between
nuclear division and cleavage of the cell termed G3, this phase is not part of the mammalian cell cycle.
pp. 3-4
5. Which phase of the mammalian cell cycle is composed of functional cells not preparing for DNA
replication?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
d. S
e. M - ✔✔A
G0 is typically depicted outside the cell cycle because cells in this phase are not preparing for DNA
synthesis.
pp. 3-4
6. In which phase of the mammalian cell cycle does DNA synthesis occur?
a. G0
b. G1
c. G2
, d. S
e. M - ✔✔D
"S" is representative of synthesis and is the phase in which DNA synthesis occurs.
p. 4
7. Identify the correct order for the phases of the mammalian cell cycle.
a. G1, G2, M, S
b. G1, G2, S, M
c. G1, M, G2, S
d. G1, S, G2, M - ✔✔D
The typical mammalian cell will move from G1 to S, followed by G2, and then M. Some cells will
eventually pause in G0 after M.
pp. 3-4
8. Which of the following is true of anaplastic tumors?
a. Closely resemble the cells of origin
b. Maintain some resemblance of the cells of origin
c. Do not resemble the cells of origin - ✔✔C
Anaplastic tumors are also known as undifferentiated tumors. Undifferentiated cells do not resemble
the normal cells of origin.
p. 4
9. Which of the following is (are) true of benign tumors?
a. Well differentiated
b. Do not metastasize
c. Encapsulated
