BIOS 1310 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026 EDITION
Endocrine system - ANS made up of various glands and glandular cells
hormones - ANS chemical signals
some organs - ANS release hormones
what does the endocrine system do? - ANS internal communication, growth and
development, homeostasis, metabolism, response to environment
nervous system - ANS very fast, specific, electrical, NTs
endocrine difference from nervous - ANS slow, general, hormones
which NTs can be hormones - ANS epinephrine, vasopressin (ADH)
Pararthyroid horomone - ANS PTH
Norepinephrine - ANS NE
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,types of signaling - ANS cell to cell, tissue to tissue
synaptic signaling - ANS chemical synapse=neurotransmitters
Electrical synapse= gap junctions
chemical synapse example - ANS neuromuscular junction
electrical synapse example - ANS between cardiomyocytes (intercalated discs)
paracrine/autocrine signaling - ANS chemical signals=small molecules(histamine),proteins,
receptor on target cell
paracrine and autocrine signaling - ANS local signaling=short distance diffusion, longer than
synaptic
autocrine target - ANS self
paracrine target - ANS neighbor cells
a paracrine/autocrine example - ANS wound healing
endocrine signaling - ANS chemical signals=hormones, long distance=carried by blood or
other fluids
target cells - ANS have specific receptors
target cells response - ANS change in metabolism, change in gene expression, some action
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, target cells usually - ANS multiple cell types/ hormone
insulin targets - ANS the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose kisses
exocrine glands - ANS not signaling, product is secreted(into duct, onto surface),ex-sweat
glands or goblet cells
endocrine glands are - ANS closely associated w blood vessels, exocytosis into ECF, diffuses
from ECF into blood
hypothalamus and pituitary is in - ANS diencephalon
Anterior pituitary - ANS adenohypophysis
posterior pituitary - ANS neurohypophysis
neuroendocrine cells - ANS have properties of both anterior/posterior pituitary
neuroendocrine cells example - ANS hypothalamus
hypothalamic projections - ANS neuroendocrine cells(neurosecretory), in posterior pituitary,
stores/releases hormones
anterior pituitary controlled by - ANS neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus
hypothalamic hormones can go to - ANS anterior pituitary then to cellular effects or more
hormones
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ANSWERS 100% PASS 2026 EDITION
Endocrine system - ANS made up of various glands and glandular cells
hormones - ANS chemical signals
some organs - ANS release hormones
what does the endocrine system do? - ANS internal communication, growth and
development, homeostasis, metabolism, response to environment
nervous system - ANS very fast, specific, electrical, NTs
endocrine difference from nervous - ANS slow, general, hormones
which NTs can be hormones - ANS epinephrine, vasopressin (ADH)
Pararthyroid horomone - ANS PTH
Norepinephrine - ANS NE
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 1
,types of signaling - ANS cell to cell, tissue to tissue
synaptic signaling - ANS chemical synapse=neurotransmitters
Electrical synapse= gap junctions
chemical synapse example - ANS neuromuscular junction
electrical synapse example - ANS between cardiomyocytes (intercalated discs)
paracrine/autocrine signaling - ANS chemical signals=small molecules(histamine),proteins,
receptor on target cell
paracrine and autocrine signaling - ANS local signaling=short distance diffusion, longer than
synaptic
autocrine target - ANS self
paracrine target - ANS neighbor cells
a paracrine/autocrine example - ANS wound healing
endocrine signaling - ANS chemical signals=hormones, long distance=carried by blood or
other fluids
target cells - ANS have specific receptors
target cells response - ANS change in metabolism, change in gene expression, some action
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 2
, target cells usually - ANS multiple cell types/ hormone
insulin targets - ANS the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose kisses
exocrine glands - ANS not signaling, product is secreted(into duct, onto surface),ex-sweat
glands or goblet cells
endocrine glands are - ANS closely associated w blood vessels, exocytosis into ECF, diffuses
from ECF into blood
hypothalamus and pituitary is in - ANS diencephalon
Anterior pituitary - ANS adenohypophysis
posterior pituitary - ANS neurohypophysis
neuroendocrine cells - ANS have properties of both anterior/posterior pituitary
neuroendocrine cells example - ANS hypothalamus
hypothalamic projections - ANS neuroendocrine cells(neurosecretory), in posterior pituitary,
stores/releases hormones
anterior pituitary controlled by - ANS neuroendocrine cells in the hypothalamus
hypothalamic hormones can go to - ANS anterior pituitary then to cellular effects or more
hormones
@COPYRIGHT 2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED 3
