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Zakkaartje; Bloedgas

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Zakkaartje met een overzicht van de interpretatie van het bloedgas en oorzaken van stoornissen in het zuurbasenevenwicht.

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Bloedgas
Zuurbasenevenwicht
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-

Normaalwaarden
Bepaling Referentie Eenheid
pH 7,35 - 7,45 n.v.t.
pO2 10,0 - 13,3 kPa
pCO2 4,7 - 6,2 kPa
[HCO3-] 23,0 - 28,0 mmol/L
BE -3,0 - +3,0 n.v.t.
anion gap 10 - 14 mmol/L
SaO2 > 95 %

Soorten zuurbasenafwijkingen
• Acidose: pH < 7,35
o Respiratoir: hypoventilatie → uitgeademde CO2 ↓ → pCO2 ↑ → evenwicht
verschuift naar rechts → [H+] ↑
o Metabool: toegenomen zuurproductie of toegenomen HCO3--uitscheiding
• Alkalose: pH > 7,45
o Respiratoir: hyperventilatie → uitgeademde CO2 ↑ → pCO2 ↓ → evenwicht
verschuift naar links → [H+] ↓
o Metabool: toegenomen zuurverlies of afgenomen HCO3--uitscheiding
Afwijking pH* pCO2 [HCO3-] Compensatiemechanisme**
respiratoire acidose ↓ ↑ ↑ toegenomen renale HCO3--reabsorptie
metabole acidose ↓ ↓/N ↓ hyperventilatie
respiratoire alkalose ↑ ↓ ↓ afgenomen renale HCO3--reabsorptie
metabole alkalose ↑ ↑/N ↑ hypoventilatie
*Bij succesvolle compensatie zijn de pCO2- en [HCO3-]-waarden afwijkend, maar is
de pH-waarde normaal.
**Als er sprake is van een gecombineerde acidose of alkalose is compensatie niet
mogelijk, omdat zowel het respiratoire als metabole systeem verstoord is.

Anion gap
anion gap = Na+ - Cl- - HCO3-




Bij een metabole acidose kan de anion gap verhoogd zijn. Dit wijst op excessieve
productie van endogene of exogene H+, zoals lactaat of ketonen.

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