ADVANCED CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL–
SURGICAL NURSING EXAM 1 SCRIPT 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL REVIEW
◉ elevated blood pressure. Answer: 120-129/<80 mmHg
◉ stage I HTN. Answer: 130-139/80-89
◉ stage II HTN. Answer: >=140/>=90 mmHg
◉ modifiable risk factors. Answer: contributors of a
noncommunicable disease that can be altered by changing one's
behavior or environment
◉ modifiable risk factors for HTN. Answer: -high sodium diet
-obesity
-sedentary lifestyle
-DM
-smoking
◉ nonmodifiable risk factors. Answer: nonchangeable or
noncontrollable
,◉ nonmodifiable risk factors of HTN. Answer: -genetics
-family hx
-age
-race
◉ secondary hypertension. Answer: results from another disease or
is the side effect of medications, ex:
-renal disease!!!!
-obstructive sleep apnea!!!!
-endocrine disorders
-hormone therapy, steroids, !!!!immunosuppressants
◉ consequences of uncontrolled HTN. Answer: end organ damage!
want to prevent this from occurring!!!!!!!
-kidneys: renal damage (failure, proteinuria)!
-vasculature: peripheral vascular disease
-eyes: retinopathy
-brain: hemorrhage, stroke
-heart: LVH, CHD, CHF
,◉ Million Hearts Campaign. Answer: Hypertension Control Change
Package (HCCP)
-used to improve HTN control
-how? ABCs
◉ million hearts campaign ABCs. Answer: -Aspirin for high risk
patients
-Blood pressure control
-Cholesterol management
-Smoking cessation
◉ Affordable Care Act and HTN. Answer: -annual wellness visits
-eRecords for improved monitoring
-no co-pay for preventative health services
◉ treatment of HTN. Answer: -lifestyle changes: lose weight, eat
fruits and veggies, reduce salt intake (CDC and AHA recommends),
become active, moderate alcohol intake
-pharmacotherapy
◉ reduced salt. Answer: CDC reccommends no more than
2300mg/day
, AHA ideally less than 1500mg/day
◉ DASH diet. Answer: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension,
-high in grains, high in fruits, low in fats!!
◉ increasing activity levels for HTN tx. Answer:
150min/week!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-exercising 10 MINUTES at a time 3 TIMES A DAY, 5 DAYS A WEEK
can help lower BP
-or 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week
◉ does lifestyle modification work?. Answer: yes!!!!! can make a
significant difference in pt's BP
◉ goals for individuals w HTN (important). Answer: <130/80!!!!!!!!
(in the elevated BP range)
-may be able to complete w lifestyle modifications alone
-but may also need medications
◉ first-line treatments for HTN. Answer: need to know
-thiazide-type diuretics
-calcium channel blockers
-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
SURGICAL NURSING EXAM 1 SCRIPT 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS WITH FULL REVIEW
◉ elevated blood pressure. Answer: 120-129/<80 mmHg
◉ stage I HTN. Answer: 130-139/80-89
◉ stage II HTN. Answer: >=140/>=90 mmHg
◉ modifiable risk factors. Answer: contributors of a
noncommunicable disease that can be altered by changing one's
behavior or environment
◉ modifiable risk factors for HTN. Answer: -high sodium diet
-obesity
-sedentary lifestyle
-DM
-smoking
◉ nonmodifiable risk factors. Answer: nonchangeable or
noncontrollable
,◉ nonmodifiable risk factors of HTN. Answer: -genetics
-family hx
-age
-race
◉ secondary hypertension. Answer: results from another disease or
is the side effect of medications, ex:
-renal disease!!!!
-obstructive sleep apnea!!!!
-endocrine disorders
-hormone therapy, steroids, !!!!immunosuppressants
◉ consequences of uncontrolled HTN. Answer: end organ damage!
want to prevent this from occurring!!!!!!!
-kidneys: renal damage (failure, proteinuria)!
-vasculature: peripheral vascular disease
-eyes: retinopathy
-brain: hemorrhage, stroke
-heart: LVH, CHD, CHF
,◉ Million Hearts Campaign. Answer: Hypertension Control Change
Package (HCCP)
-used to improve HTN control
-how? ABCs
◉ million hearts campaign ABCs. Answer: -Aspirin for high risk
patients
-Blood pressure control
-Cholesterol management
-Smoking cessation
◉ Affordable Care Act and HTN. Answer: -annual wellness visits
-eRecords for improved monitoring
-no co-pay for preventative health services
◉ treatment of HTN. Answer: -lifestyle changes: lose weight, eat
fruits and veggies, reduce salt intake (CDC and AHA recommends),
become active, moderate alcohol intake
-pharmacotherapy
◉ reduced salt. Answer: CDC reccommends no more than
2300mg/day
, AHA ideally less than 1500mg/day
◉ DASH diet. Answer: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension,
-high in grains, high in fruits, low in fats!!
◉ increasing activity levels for HTN tx. Answer:
150min/week!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-exercising 10 MINUTES at a time 3 TIMES A DAY, 5 DAYS A WEEK
can help lower BP
-or 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week
◉ does lifestyle modification work?. Answer: yes!!!!! can make a
significant difference in pt's BP
◉ goals for individuals w HTN (important). Answer: <130/80!!!!!!!!
(in the elevated BP range)
-may be able to complete w lifestyle modifications alone
-but may also need medications
◉ first-line treatments for HTN. Answer: need to know
-thiazide-type diuretics
-calcium channel blockers
-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
