HESI PEDIATRICS RN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026

HESI PEDIATRICS RN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
AND WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026




The nurse is giving preoperative instructions to a 14-year old female client who is
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scheduled for surgery to correct a spinal curvature. Which statement by the client
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best demonstrates that learning has taken place?
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A. I will read all the literature you gave me before surgery.
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B. I have had surgery before when I broke my wrist in a bike accident, so I know
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what to expect.
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C. All the things people have told me will help me take care of my back.
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D. I understand that I will be in a body cast and I will show you how you taught
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me to turn. - CORRECT ANSWER- D. I understand that I will be in a body cast
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and I will show you how you taught me to turn.
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Outcome of learning is best demonstrated when the client not only verbalizes an
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understanding, but also can provide a return demonstration. A 14-year old may or
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may not follow through with reading material and there is no way of measuring
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that way of learning. Have a previous surgery may help the client understand the
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surgical process, but wrist surgery is very different from spinal surgery and
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emergency surgery is different than elective surgery. In (C), the client may be
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saying what the nurse wants to hear, without expressing any real understanding of
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what to do after surgery.
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To take the vital signs of a 4-month old child, which order will give the most
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accurate results?
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A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
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,B. Heart rate, rectal temperature, then respiratory rate.
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C. Rectal temperature, heart rate, then respiratory rate
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D. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, then heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER-
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A. Respiratory rate, heart rate, then rectal temperature
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The respiratory rate should be taken first in infants, since touching them or
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performing unpleasant procedures usually makes them cry, elevating the heart rate
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and making respirations difficult to count. Rectal temperature is the most invasive
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procedure, and is mot likely to precipitate crying, so should be done last.
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During routine screening at a school clinic, an otoscope examination of a child's
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ear reveals a tympanic membrane that is pearly gray, slightly bulging, and not
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movable. What action should the nurse take next?
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A. No action required, as this is an expected finding for a school-aged child
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B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny nose, or any ear pain lately.
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C. Send a note home advising the parents to have the child evaluated by a
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healthcare provider as soon as possible.
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d. Call the parents and have them take the child home from school for the rest of
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the day. - CORRECT ANSWER- B. Ask the child if he/she has had a cold, runny
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nose, or any ear pain lately.
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More information is needed to interpret these findings. The tympanic membrane is
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Mnormally pearly gray, not bulging, and moves when the client blows against
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Mresistance or a small puff of air is blown into the ear canal. Since this child's
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Mfindings are not completely normal, further assessment of history and related signs
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Mand symptoms is indicated for accurate interpretation of the findings. (A), (C), and
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(D) are inappropriate actions based on the data obtained from the otoscope
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Mexamination.

,Which restraint should be used for a toddler after a cleft palate repair?
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A. clove hitch M




B. Mummy
C. elbow
D. jacket - CORRECT ANSWER- C. elbow M M M M M




Elbow restraints M




Elbow restraints prevent children from bending their arms and bringing their hands
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to the oral surgical site. A clove hitch restrains the hands, but the child can bend
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and bring their head to their hands. A mummy restraint is used during procedures.
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A jacket restraint restrains the body torso and is not appropriate.
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What preoperative nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care for
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an infant with pyloric stenosis?
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A. Monitor for signs of metabolic acidosis. M M M M M




B. estimate the quantity of diarrhea stools. M M M M M




C. place in a supine position after feeding
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D. observe for projectile vomiting. - CORRECT ANSWER- D. observe for
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projectile vomiting.
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Projectile vomiting which contributes to metabolic alkalosis, is the classic sign of
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pyloric stenosis. Estimating the quantity of diarrhea stools is not indicated. Placing
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the child in a supine position is dangerous due to the potential for aspiration with
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frequent vomiting.
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, A six-month-old returns from surgery with elbow restraints in place. What nursing
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care should be included when caring for any restrained child?
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A. keep restraints on at all times.
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B. remove restraints one at a time and provide range of motion exercises
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C. Remove all restraints simultaneously and provide lay activities
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D. renew the healthcare provider's prescription for restraints every 72 hours. -
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CORRECT ANSWER- B. remove restraints one at a time and provide range of
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motion exercises
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Removing restraints one at a time is safer than removing all of them at once. The
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child needs to exercise and should not be kept in restraints at all times. The renewal
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of the healthcare provider's prescription varies with hospitals and it does not really
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answer the question.
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A 2-year old child with Down syndrome is brought to the clinic for his regular
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physical examination. The nurse knows which problem is frequently associated
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with Down syndrome?
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A. congenital heart disease M M




B. fragile x-chromosome M




C. trisomy 13 M




D. pyloric stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER- A. congenital heart disease
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Congenital heart disease is the most common associated defect in children with
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Down syndrome. Trisomy 13 my have seemed possible since Down syndrome is a
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trisomal chromosomal abnormality o chromosome 21. Fragile x-chromosome is a
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sex-linked abnormality also causing mental retardation. Pyloric stenosis is not
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associated with Down syndrome.
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