Psychology
Paper 1
Revision
,CONTENTS
CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................ 2
SOCIAL INFLUENCE............................................................................................................................. 5
Types of and explanations for conformity - AO1............................................................................5
○ finding the increased uncertainty increased conformity, arguably due to ISI Explanations for
conformity - AO3 - Evaluation........................................................................................................6
Variables affecting conformity - Asch - AO3 - Evaluation...............................................................7
Conformity to social roles - Zimbardo - AO1..................................................................................7
Conformity to social roles - Zimbardo - AO3..................................................................................8
Explanations for obedience - AO1.................................................................................................8
Milgram’s experiment and situational variables affecting obedience - AO1....................................9
Situational Variables Affecting Obedience - AO1.........................................................................10
Milgram's Variables Affecting Obedience - AO3 - Evaluation.......................................................11
Dispositional explanation for obedience - Authoritarian Personality - AO1...................................12
● Adorno argued the high obedience in WW2 was dispositional, a personality type called the
Authoritarian Personality.............................................................................................................. 12
Dispositional explanation for obedience - Authoritarian Personality - AO3 - Evaluation...............12
● In milgram's study 35% resisted the authority figure; adorno’s theory acknowledges that the
willingness to obey an authority figure can vary from person to person, explaining why there are
extreme variations in milgram's participants ● Elms and milgram found obedient males in
previous milgram studies scores significantly higher on the f-scale than disobedient males,
suggesting they had authoritarian personalities; they trusted the professor and dehumanised the
learner ● Alternate, situational explanations of obedience, the agentic state and LOA are backed
up experimental research............................................................................................................ 12
Explanations of resistance to social influence - Locus of control - AO1/3....................................14
Minority influence - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................................................................14
Minority influence - A03 - Evaluation............................................................................................16
Social change - AO3 - Evaluation................................................................................................17
.MEMORY............................................................................................................................................. 18
The multi store model of memory - AO1 - knowledge..................................................................18
The multi store model of memory. - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................................19
Types of LTM - AO1 - Knowledge................................................................................................20
Type of LTM - AO3 - Evaluation...................................................................................................21
The working memory model - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................................................22
The WMM - AO3 - Evaluation......................................................................................................23
Explanations for forgetting - AO1 - Knowledge............................................................................24
Explanations for forgetting - AO3 - Evaluation.............................................................................25
, Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony - AO1 - Knowledge...............................27
Factors affecting the accuracy of EWT - AO3 - Evaluation..........................................................28
Improving the accuracy of EWT - AO1 - Knowledge....................................................................30
Improving accuracy of EWT - AO3 - Evaluation...........................................................................30
ATTACHMENT..................................................................................................................................... 32
Caregiver - infant interaction in humans - AO1 - Knowledge........................................................32
Caregiver infant interaction in humans - AO3 - Evaluation...........................................................32
Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer - AO1 - Knowledge..................................................33
Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer - AO3 - Evaluation...................................................34
The role of the father - AO1 - Knowledge.....................................................................................35
The role of the father - AO3 - Evaluation......................................................................................35
Animal studies of attachment - Lorenz - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................................36
Evaluation of Animal Studies - AO3.............................................................................................38
Explanations of attachment - Learning theory - AO1 - Knowledge...............................................38
Explanations of attachment - Learning theory - AO3 - Evaluation................................................39
Explanations of attachment - Bowlby's monotropic theory - AO1 - Knowledge............................40
● An Evolutionary explanation of attachment...............................................................................40
Ainsworth’s types of attachment - AO1 - Knowledge...................................................................41
Ainsworth’s strange situation - AO1 - Knowledge........................................................................42
Ainsworth’s types of attachment and strange situation - AO3 - Evaluation..................................42
Cultural variations in attachment - AO1 - Knowledge...................................................................43
Cultural variations in attachment - AO3 - Evaluation....................................................................43
Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation - AO1 - Knowledge........................................................44
Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation - A03 - Evaluation.........................................................45
Romanian orphans study - AO1 - Knowledge..............................................................................45
■ In a small number of cases, quasi autism tendencies were identified. Romanian orphan studies
- AO3 - Evaluation....................................................................................................................... 46
The influence of early attachment - AO1 - Knowledge.................................................................47
The Influence of early attachment - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................................47
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY......................................................................................................................... 48
Definitions of abnormality - Deviations from social norms - AO1..................................................48
Definitions of abnormality - Deviations from social norms - AO3..................................................48
Definitions of abnormality - Failure to function adequately - AO1.................................................48
Definitions of abnormality - Failure to function adequately - AO3.................................................49
Definitions of abnormality - Statistical infrequency - AO1.............................................................49
Definitions of abnormality - Statistical infrequency - AO3.............................................................49
Definitions of abnormality - Deviation from ideal mental health - AO1..........................................50
Definitions of abnormality - Deviation from ideal mental health - AO3..........................................50
Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................50
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Explaining - AO1 - Knowledge........................................52
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Explaining - AO3 - Evaluation.........................................53
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Treating - AO1 - Knowledge...........................................53
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Treating - AO3 - Evaluation............................................54
Depression - The cognitive approach - Explaining - AO1 - Knowledge........................................55
, Depression - The cognitive approach - Explaining - AO3 - Evaluation.........................................56
Depression. - The cognitive approach - Treating - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................57
Depression - The cognitive approach - Treating - AO3 - Evaluation............................................57
OCD - The biological approach - Explaining - AO1 - Knowledge.................................................58
OCD - The biological approach - Explaining - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................59
OCD - The biological approach - Treating - AO1 - Knowledge.....................................................59
OCD - The biological approach - Treating - AO3 - Evaluation......................................................60
RESEARCH METHODS....................................................................................................................... 61
Research aims and Hypothesis writing........................................................................................61
Case studies - AO1...................................................................................................................... 63
Case studies - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................................................................65
frequencies placed on the Y axis and the continuous variables on the X axis. Reliability............67
Inferential testing......................................................................................................................... 70
Validity......................................................................................................................................... 71
Paper 1
Revision
,CONTENTS
CONTENTS............................................................................................................................................ 2
SOCIAL INFLUENCE............................................................................................................................. 5
Types of and explanations for conformity - AO1............................................................................5
○ finding the increased uncertainty increased conformity, arguably due to ISI Explanations for
conformity - AO3 - Evaluation........................................................................................................6
Variables affecting conformity - Asch - AO3 - Evaluation...............................................................7
Conformity to social roles - Zimbardo - AO1..................................................................................7
Conformity to social roles - Zimbardo - AO3..................................................................................8
Explanations for obedience - AO1.................................................................................................8
Milgram’s experiment and situational variables affecting obedience - AO1....................................9
Situational Variables Affecting Obedience - AO1.........................................................................10
Milgram's Variables Affecting Obedience - AO3 - Evaluation.......................................................11
Dispositional explanation for obedience - Authoritarian Personality - AO1...................................12
● Adorno argued the high obedience in WW2 was dispositional, a personality type called the
Authoritarian Personality.............................................................................................................. 12
Dispositional explanation for obedience - Authoritarian Personality - AO3 - Evaluation...............12
● In milgram's study 35% resisted the authority figure; adorno’s theory acknowledges that the
willingness to obey an authority figure can vary from person to person, explaining why there are
extreme variations in milgram's participants ● Elms and milgram found obedient males in
previous milgram studies scores significantly higher on the f-scale than disobedient males,
suggesting they had authoritarian personalities; they trusted the professor and dehumanised the
learner ● Alternate, situational explanations of obedience, the agentic state and LOA are backed
up experimental research............................................................................................................ 12
Explanations of resistance to social influence - Locus of control - AO1/3....................................14
Minority influence - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................................................................14
Minority influence - A03 - Evaluation............................................................................................16
Social change - AO3 - Evaluation................................................................................................17
.MEMORY............................................................................................................................................. 18
The multi store model of memory - AO1 - knowledge..................................................................18
The multi store model of memory. - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................................19
Types of LTM - AO1 - Knowledge................................................................................................20
Type of LTM - AO3 - Evaluation...................................................................................................21
The working memory model - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................................................22
The WMM - AO3 - Evaluation......................................................................................................23
Explanations for forgetting - AO1 - Knowledge............................................................................24
Explanations for forgetting - AO3 - Evaluation.............................................................................25
, Factors affecting the accuracy of eyewitness testimony - AO1 - Knowledge...............................27
Factors affecting the accuracy of EWT - AO3 - Evaluation..........................................................28
Improving the accuracy of EWT - AO1 - Knowledge....................................................................30
Improving accuracy of EWT - AO3 - Evaluation...........................................................................30
ATTACHMENT..................................................................................................................................... 32
Caregiver - infant interaction in humans - AO1 - Knowledge........................................................32
Caregiver infant interaction in humans - AO3 - Evaluation...........................................................32
Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer - AO1 - Knowledge..................................................33
Stages of attachment identified by Schaffer - AO3 - Evaluation...................................................34
The role of the father - AO1 - Knowledge.....................................................................................35
The role of the father - AO3 - Evaluation......................................................................................35
Animal studies of attachment - Lorenz - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................................36
Evaluation of Animal Studies - AO3.............................................................................................38
Explanations of attachment - Learning theory - AO1 - Knowledge...............................................38
Explanations of attachment - Learning theory - AO3 - Evaluation................................................39
Explanations of attachment - Bowlby's monotropic theory - AO1 - Knowledge............................40
● An Evolutionary explanation of attachment...............................................................................40
Ainsworth’s types of attachment - AO1 - Knowledge...................................................................41
Ainsworth’s strange situation - AO1 - Knowledge........................................................................42
Ainsworth’s types of attachment and strange situation - AO3 - Evaluation..................................42
Cultural variations in attachment - AO1 - Knowledge...................................................................43
Cultural variations in attachment - AO3 - Evaluation....................................................................43
Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation - AO1 - Knowledge........................................................44
Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation - A03 - Evaluation.........................................................45
Romanian orphans study - AO1 - Knowledge..............................................................................45
■ In a small number of cases, quasi autism tendencies were identified. Romanian orphan studies
- AO3 - Evaluation....................................................................................................................... 46
The influence of early attachment - AO1 - Knowledge.................................................................47
The Influence of early attachment - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................................47
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY......................................................................................................................... 48
Definitions of abnormality - Deviations from social norms - AO1..................................................48
Definitions of abnormality - Deviations from social norms - AO3..................................................48
Definitions of abnormality - Failure to function adequately - AO1.................................................48
Definitions of abnormality - Failure to function adequately - AO3.................................................49
Definitions of abnormality - Statistical infrequency - AO1.............................................................49
Definitions of abnormality - Statistical infrequency - AO3.............................................................49
Definitions of abnormality - Deviation from ideal mental health - AO1..........................................50
Definitions of abnormality - Deviation from ideal mental health - AO3..........................................50
Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................50
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Explaining - AO1 - Knowledge........................................52
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Explaining - AO3 - Evaluation.........................................53
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Treating - AO1 - Knowledge...........................................53
Phobias - The behaviourist approach - Treating - AO3 - Evaluation............................................54
Depression - The cognitive approach - Explaining - AO1 - Knowledge........................................55
, Depression - The cognitive approach - Explaining - AO3 - Evaluation.........................................56
Depression. - The cognitive approach - Treating - AO1 - Knowledge..........................................57
Depression - The cognitive approach - Treating - AO3 - Evaluation............................................57
OCD - The biological approach - Explaining - AO1 - Knowledge.................................................58
OCD - The biological approach - Explaining - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................59
OCD - The biological approach - Treating - AO1 - Knowledge.....................................................59
OCD - The biological approach - Treating - AO3 - Evaluation......................................................60
RESEARCH METHODS....................................................................................................................... 61
Research aims and Hypothesis writing........................................................................................61
Case studies - AO1...................................................................................................................... 63
Case studies - AO3 - Evaluation..................................................................................................65
frequencies placed on the Y axis and the continuous variables on the X axis. Reliability............67
Inferential testing......................................................................................................................... 70
Validity......................................................................................................................................... 71
