TALAROS FOUNDATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Glycosidic Bonds. Answer: Covalent bonds linking carbohydrates
together.
◉ Functional Groups. Answer: Specific groupings of atoms in organic
compounds.
◉ Hydrogen Ions. Answer: Positively charged ions influencing pH
levels.
◉ Triglycerides. Answer: Fats composed of glycerol and three fatty
acids.
◉ Monosaccharides. Answer: Simple sugars, the building blocks of
carbohydrates.
◉ Polypeptides. Answer: Chains of amino acids linked by peptide
bonds.
,◉ Polysaccharides. Answer: Carbohydrates made of long chains of
monosaccharides.
◉ ATP. Answer: Adenosine triphosphate, energy currency of cells.
◉ Dextran. Answer: Polysaccharide in bacterial slime layers.
◉ Agar. Answer: Gelatinous substance used for culture media.
◉ Glycocalyx. Answer: Carbohydrate-rich layer on cell surfaces.
◉ Cellulose. Answer: Structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
◉ Prostaglandins. Answer: Lipids involved in inflammation
processes.
◉ Hydrophobic tails. Answer: Fatty acid components of
phospholipids.
◉ Ribose. Answer: Sugar found in RNA, not in DNA.
◉ Thymine. Answer: Nucleotide base present in DNA, absent in RNA.
,◉ Amino acid. Answer: Building blocks of proteins, contain amino
and carboxyl groups.
◉ Cysteine. Answer: Amino acid containing sulfur for disulfide
bonds.
◉ tRNA. Answer: Transfers amino acids to ribosomes for protein
synthesis.
◉ Enzymes. Answer: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical
reactions.
◉ Hydrogen bonds. Answer: Weak attractions between water
molecules.
◉ Purine bases. Answer: Include adenine and guanine in nucleic
acids.
◉ Nitrogen and phosphorus. Answer: Elements found in DNA, not in
glucose.
◉ Dehydration synthesis. Answer: Reaction forming polymers by
removing water.
, ◉ Neutrons. Answer: Subatomic particles that contribute to atomic
mass.
◉ Neutrons. Answer: Neutral particles in atomic nucleus.
◉ Exchange Reaction. Answer: Reaction where reactants form
products.
◉ 4% NaCl Solution. Answer: Requires 40 grams of NaCl per liter.
◉ pH Scale. Answer: Logarithmic scale measuring acidity or
alkalinity.
◉ Lactose. Answer: Carbohydrate found in dairy products.
◉ Glycogen. Answer: Stored carbohydrate form in animals.
◉ Triglycerides. Answer: Fats that store energy, insoluble in water.
◉ Ester Bond. Answer: Link formed between hydroxyl and carboxyl
groups.
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 TESTED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ Glycosidic Bonds. Answer: Covalent bonds linking carbohydrates
together.
◉ Functional Groups. Answer: Specific groupings of atoms in organic
compounds.
◉ Hydrogen Ions. Answer: Positively charged ions influencing pH
levels.
◉ Triglycerides. Answer: Fats composed of glycerol and three fatty
acids.
◉ Monosaccharides. Answer: Simple sugars, the building blocks of
carbohydrates.
◉ Polypeptides. Answer: Chains of amino acids linked by peptide
bonds.
,◉ Polysaccharides. Answer: Carbohydrates made of long chains of
monosaccharides.
◉ ATP. Answer: Adenosine triphosphate, energy currency of cells.
◉ Dextran. Answer: Polysaccharide in bacterial slime layers.
◉ Agar. Answer: Gelatinous substance used for culture media.
◉ Glycocalyx. Answer: Carbohydrate-rich layer on cell surfaces.
◉ Cellulose. Answer: Structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
◉ Prostaglandins. Answer: Lipids involved in inflammation
processes.
◉ Hydrophobic tails. Answer: Fatty acid components of
phospholipids.
◉ Ribose. Answer: Sugar found in RNA, not in DNA.
◉ Thymine. Answer: Nucleotide base present in DNA, absent in RNA.
,◉ Amino acid. Answer: Building blocks of proteins, contain amino
and carboxyl groups.
◉ Cysteine. Answer: Amino acid containing sulfur for disulfide
bonds.
◉ tRNA. Answer: Transfers amino acids to ribosomes for protein
synthesis.
◉ Enzymes. Answer: Biological catalysts that speed up chemical
reactions.
◉ Hydrogen bonds. Answer: Weak attractions between water
molecules.
◉ Purine bases. Answer: Include adenine and guanine in nucleic
acids.
◉ Nitrogen and phosphorus. Answer: Elements found in DNA, not in
glucose.
◉ Dehydration synthesis. Answer: Reaction forming polymers by
removing water.
, ◉ Neutrons. Answer: Subatomic particles that contribute to atomic
mass.
◉ Neutrons. Answer: Neutral particles in atomic nucleus.
◉ Exchange Reaction. Answer: Reaction where reactants form
products.
◉ 4% NaCl Solution. Answer: Requires 40 grams of NaCl per liter.
◉ pH Scale. Answer: Logarithmic scale measuring acidity or
alkalinity.
◉ Lactose. Answer: Carbohydrate found in dairy products.
◉ Glycogen. Answer: Stored carbohydrate form in animals.
◉ Triglycerides. Answer: Fats that store energy, insoluble in water.
◉ Ester Bond. Answer: Link formed between hydroxyl and carboxyl
groups.
