PATH 1000 EXAMINATION SET 2026
SOLVED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
● What is the main alteration of anemia? Answer: Reduced oxygen-
carrying capacity of blood, causing tissue hypoxia.
● What does the suffix -cytic mean, and what kinds of anemia is it
referring to? Answer: Cell size; types that affect the size/shape of RBC.
● What does the suffix -chromic refer to, and what kinds of anemia does
it indicate? Answer: Hemoglobin content; types that cause a change in
hemoglobin volume.
● How do anemias progress? Answer: -Decreased RBC production.
-Increased RBC destruction.
-Decreased RBC/Hemoglobin
-Decreased O2 carrying capacity.
-Tissue hypoxia
● How do anemias manifest? Answer: -Pallor, fatigue
-Ischemia
-Fatty liver changes
-Increased resp rate
,-Dizziness, fainting
● What are the compensatory mechanisms for anemias? Answer: -
Increased HR, CV stress.
-Increased extracellular fluid
-Increased salt & water retention
-Increased RBC from bone marrow
-High-output cardiac failure
● What is pernicious anemia (PA)? Answer: Vitamin B12 deficiency due
to lack of intrinsic factor.
● What are the clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia? Answer: -
Fatigue
-Tingling in fingers/toes
-Gait disturbance
-Anorexia
-Abdominal pain
-Weight loss
-Sore, red tongue.
-Jaundice/Pallor
, ● How is pernicious anemia treated? Answer: Oral B12 replacement,
supplemental injections.
● What are the clinical manifestations of folate-deficiency anemia?
Answer: -Similar to PA
-Oral scales/fissures
-Stomatitis
-Oral ulcers
-Dysphagia
-Flatus
-Diarrhea
● What causes iron deficiency anemia? Answer: -Blood loss
-Insufficient iron delivery to marrow
-Parasites
-Metabolic disorders
-Pregnancy
● What are the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia?
Answer: -Fatigue
-Dyspnea
-Dysphagia
-Pallor
SOLVED QUESTIONS GRADED A+
● What is the main alteration of anemia? Answer: Reduced oxygen-
carrying capacity of blood, causing tissue hypoxia.
● What does the suffix -cytic mean, and what kinds of anemia is it
referring to? Answer: Cell size; types that affect the size/shape of RBC.
● What does the suffix -chromic refer to, and what kinds of anemia does
it indicate? Answer: Hemoglobin content; types that cause a change in
hemoglobin volume.
● How do anemias progress? Answer: -Decreased RBC production.
-Increased RBC destruction.
-Decreased RBC/Hemoglobin
-Decreased O2 carrying capacity.
-Tissue hypoxia
● How do anemias manifest? Answer: -Pallor, fatigue
-Ischemia
-Fatty liver changes
-Increased resp rate
,-Dizziness, fainting
● What are the compensatory mechanisms for anemias? Answer: -
Increased HR, CV stress.
-Increased extracellular fluid
-Increased salt & water retention
-Increased RBC from bone marrow
-High-output cardiac failure
● What is pernicious anemia (PA)? Answer: Vitamin B12 deficiency due
to lack of intrinsic factor.
● What are the clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia? Answer: -
Fatigue
-Tingling in fingers/toes
-Gait disturbance
-Anorexia
-Abdominal pain
-Weight loss
-Sore, red tongue.
-Jaundice/Pallor
, ● How is pernicious anemia treated? Answer: Oral B12 replacement,
supplemental injections.
● What are the clinical manifestations of folate-deficiency anemia?
Answer: -Similar to PA
-Oral scales/fissures
-Stomatitis
-Oral ulcers
-Dysphagia
-Flatus
-Diarrhea
● What causes iron deficiency anemia? Answer: -Blood loss
-Insufficient iron delivery to marrow
-Parasites
-Metabolic disorders
-Pregnancy
● What are the clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia?
Answer: -Fatigue
-Dyspnea
-Dysphagia
-Pallor
