USU COMD 4500 EXAM 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
| 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
NPO Answer - nothing by mouth (nil per os)
Non-oral feeding options Answer - nasogastric tube
PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy)
TPN (total pareneral nutrition)
dietary modifications for dysphagia Answer - when dysphagia is severe and
other strategies aren't working
puree foods and or thicken
behavioral treatment of dysphagia Answer - can be implemented immed. and
useful for temporary dysphagia
change bolus volume or viscosity
posture adjustments
thermal tactile stim
active therapy (tight breath hold, prolong larynx elevation, increase muscle
effort
mechanical dysphagia esophageal phase Answer - physical constriction or
blockage
, mechanical dysphagia oral phase Answer - -difficulty forming, moving bolus
-may need to change food textures
mechanical dysphagia Answer - -Trauma or surgery
-Loss of oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal structures
-May result in weakness and/or sensory deficits
neurologic dysphagia oral phase Answer - -poor chewing, bolus formation
-weakness prevents bolus propulsion
-residue in the mouth
-premature spilling of liquids into pharynx
oral phase of swallowing Answer - The voluntary part of swallowing where the
tongue pushes a bolus up and back toward the pharynx.
stages of recovery RLA 2-3 Answer - work to est. yes/no response
RLA 4-5 intermediate Answer - training on attention focus, basic social skills
RLA later 6-7 Answer - functional abilities outside clinic, communicate in spite
of distractions
side effects TBI in children Answer - language may be in tact
pragmatic deficits (humor, sarcasm, social interactions)
motor function improves more than cognition
injury may limit further dev
| 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
NPO Answer - nothing by mouth (nil per os)
Non-oral feeding options Answer - nasogastric tube
PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy)
TPN (total pareneral nutrition)
dietary modifications for dysphagia Answer - when dysphagia is severe and
other strategies aren't working
puree foods and or thicken
behavioral treatment of dysphagia Answer - can be implemented immed. and
useful for temporary dysphagia
change bolus volume or viscosity
posture adjustments
thermal tactile stim
active therapy (tight breath hold, prolong larynx elevation, increase muscle
effort
mechanical dysphagia esophageal phase Answer - physical constriction or
blockage
, mechanical dysphagia oral phase Answer - -difficulty forming, moving bolus
-may need to change food textures
mechanical dysphagia Answer - -Trauma or surgery
-Loss of oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal structures
-May result in weakness and/or sensory deficits
neurologic dysphagia oral phase Answer - -poor chewing, bolus formation
-weakness prevents bolus propulsion
-residue in the mouth
-premature spilling of liquids into pharynx
oral phase of swallowing Answer - The voluntary part of swallowing where the
tongue pushes a bolus up and back toward the pharynx.
stages of recovery RLA 2-3 Answer - work to est. yes/no response
RLA 4-5 intermediate Answer - training on attention focus, basic social skills
RLA later 6-7 Answer - functional abilities outside clinic, communicate in spite
of distractions
side effects TBI in children Answer - language may be in tact
pragmatic deficits (humor, sarcasm, social interactions)
motor function improves more than cognition
injury may limit further dev
