,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
zk
1. Viruses are: zk
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms zk zk zk zk zk
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more viruspar
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ticles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
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e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: B DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A | I.B
z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering z k
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
zk zk zk zk
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus zk zk zk zk zk
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: B DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A | I.B
z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering z k
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi zk
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A.i z k
MSC: Remembering z k
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
zk zk zk zk zk
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: E DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering z k
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
environmental change. zk
, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. Microbes function as individual entities. zk zk zk zk
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
zk zk zk zk zk
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: C z DIF:
k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering
z k
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitrogen.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
related they are. zk zk
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: E z DIF:
k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.B z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B z DIF:
k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.B.i z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. ferrous iron zk d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas zk
c. ammonia
ANS: D z k DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D z k DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists zk
c. viruses
ANS: A z k DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. DNA d. amino acids zk
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
, c. protein
ANS: B z k DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
12. Which of the following diseases accounts for more than half of all human mortality?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. cardiovascular disease d. microbial disease zk zk
b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: D z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
13. Which century is known as the golden age of microbiology?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. the seventeenth zk d. the twentieth zk
b. the eighteenth zk e. the twenty-first zk
c. the nineteenth zk
ANS: C z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
14. All of the following have been found in mummies and tomb art EXCEPT:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: E z DIF:k Medium REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.iz k
MSC: Remembering
z k
15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague zk
c. smallpox
ANS: C z DIF:k Medium REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.iz k
MSC: Remembering
z k
16. Nightingale:
a. is better known as the founder of professional nursing
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b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
today as chemotherapy zk zk
e. all of the above zk zk zk
ANS: A z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.ii
z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
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a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
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b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming
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c. Edward Jenner zk
ANS: B z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.ii
z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
zk zk zk zk zk zk
MULTIPLE CHOICE
zk
1. Viruses are: zk
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms zk zk zk zk zk
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more viruspar
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ticles
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: B DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A | I.B
z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering z k
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
zk zk zk zk
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus zk zk zk zk zk
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: B DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A | I.B
z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering z k
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi zk
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A.i z k
MSC: Remembering z k
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
zk zk zk zk zk
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. a single-cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: E DIF:
z k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering z k
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
environmental change. zk
, b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. Microbes function as individual entities. zk zk zk zk
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
zk zk zk zk zk
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: C z DIF:
k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii z k zk zk
MSC: Remembering
z k
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitrogen.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
related they are. zk zk
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
ANS: E z DIF:
k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.B z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B z DIF:
k Easy REF: 1.1 zk TOP: I.B.i z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. ferrous iron zk d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas zk
c. ammonia
ANS: D z k DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: D z k DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists zk
c. viruses
ANS: A z k DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. DNA d. amino acids zk
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
, c. protein
ANS: B z k DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
zk zk zk zk z k II.D
MSC: Remembering z k
12. Which of the following diseases accounts for more than half of all human mortality?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. cardiovascular disease d. microbial disease zk zk
b. cancer e. strokes
c. accidents
ANS: D z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
13. Which century is known as the golden age of microbiology?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. the seventeenth zk d. the twentieth zk
b. the eighteenth zk e. the twenty-first zk
c. the nineteenth zk
ANS: C z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
14. All of the following have been found in mummies and tomb art EXCEPT:
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. tuberculosis d. smallpox
b. polio e. AIDS
c. leprosy
ANS: E z DIF:k Medium REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.iz k
MSC: Remembering
z k
15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague zk
c. smallpox
ANS: C z DIF:k Medium REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.iz k
MSC: Remembering
z k
16. Nightingale:
a. is better known as the founder of professional nursing
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known
zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk zk
today as chemotherapy zk zk
e. all of the above zk zk zk
ANS: A z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.ii
z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
zk zk zk zk zk zk
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
zk zk
b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming
zk zk
c. Edward Jenner zk
ANS: B z DIF:k Easy REF: 1.2 zk TOP: II.A.ii
z k
MSC: Remembering
z k
