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Summary The rise of nationalism in Europe

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The rise of nationalism in 19th-century Europe transformed multi-ethnic empires into nation-states, driven by the French Revolution's ideas of la patrie and le citoyen. Key factors included the rise of the middle class, liberalism, Romanticism, and the unification of Italy and Germany, replacing absolute monarchies with citizen-based democracies.

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THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
# FREDERIC SORRIEU DREAM (1848) [ PAINTING ]
 Sorrieu imagine a world with Freedom and democracy.
 His painting showed people from many countries moving toward the Statue
of Liberty.
 Broken crowns on the ground showed the end of monarchy.
 Countries like America were united and countries like Germany and France
wanted unity.
 People wore traditional clothes and held national flags
 In the 1800s , nationalism grew and people wanted free united nations.

# FRENCH REVOLUTION AND MAKING OF SENSE OF
COLLECTIVE BELONGING
After the French Revolution , French revolutionaries introduced ideas to spread
nationalism in the countries.
 La Patrie ( fatherland ) and Le Citoyen ( citizen ) introduced as a symbol of
unity.
 Royal flag was replaced by French tricolor flag.
 National assembly were elected by the people.
 Hymns and oaths were taken to inspire people.
 Uniform law introduced.
 French became national language.
 Introduced uniform system of weight and measurement.

# NEPOLEONIC CIVIL CODE OF 1804
After Nepoleon came in power , he introduced some rules which are known
as civil code of 1804.
 Ended privileges by birth.
 Ensured equality before law.
 Removed feudal system and guild restrictions.
 Improved trade, transport, and communication.

# Mixed Reactions in Conquered Areas

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