Chronic Illness Exam 1 Trajectory, Quality-of-Life, Palliative Care, Functional Assessment, Self-Efficacy, Resilience, Orem Self-Care Theory, Caregiver Role Strain, Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Multiple Sclerosi

Chronic Illness Exam 1 Trajectory, Quality-of-Life, Palliative Care, Functional Assessment, Self-Efficacy, Resilience, Orem Self-Care Theory, Caregiver Role Strain, Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, COPD, Asthma, Polycystic Kidney Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Developmental Disabilities, Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Cerebral Palsy, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Fragile X Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Herniated Disc, Chronic Back Pain Management, Uncertainty Appraisal, Self-Transcendence, Health-Related Quality of Life, and Patient-Centered Nursing Interventions Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 Trajectory of Chronic Illness *begins with physical, psychological, or spiritual change *occurs suddenly or insidiously *flare ups or exacerbations *unpredictable, uncertain *disability depends on personal viewpoint Chronic Illness curing model Goal = bring the individual back to "normal" Patient goes to doctor for treatment, the doctor identifies a problem and then provides a course of treatment Body is seen as separate from the mind or spirit (mind and spirit not normally considered) Both sides agree that the doc is the only one who can have an effect on the problem Symptom is the "enemy" and the physician is the "ammunition" enlisted to defeat the enemy Problems with the curing model *separation of being *whole=sum of parts *basis for model: fear, judgement *doctor is the ultimate authority/healer *doctor seen only when individual is in state of symptomatic discomfort *cure is an event *individual in "victim" consciousness or at the effect of the disease and treatment *Name, diagnose, treat *repress or anesthetize Mismatch of needs and care with chronic illnesses *medical system designed for disease identification, symptom management, produce cures *CI dealt with as an acute episode - exacerbation *individuals may move to institutional care prematurely *modern medicine success extends life span and contributes to development of Chronic Illness Impact on person is missed in chronic illness *In patient focus is to manage symptoms *Short stays inhibit holistic assessment *care planning done FOR client not with them *clients inhibited from disagreeing with provider, then go home and do what they want anyways *return to clinic saying they're doing the plan but the plan isn't working Holes in chronic illness care *Do we "listen" to what the clients are saying about their life with CI? *acute illness care at times creates the chronic illness - dialysis -organ transplant -spinal cord injury - AIDs Messages we "HEAR" when we "LISTEN" *quality of life *self concept and body image *uncertainty *stigma *spiritual and emotional reactions Quality of Life *How satisfying is life for the individual? *functional ability, not number or type of chronic illnesses is determining factor for QOL and financial burden of older adults *More emphasis needed on prevention, functional ability, and rehabilitation to maintain QOL Self concept and Body image *tied to self-esteem and personal identity *as body images changes, so does self concept *influences perception of others *degree of change not always proportional to the reaction it provokes *changes not always visible Uncertainty *variability of course of CI *unpredictability is frustrating *greatest single psychological stressor for pt with a life threatening illness *uncertainty about success of rx, severity of illness, impact of illness, ability to pursue goals and dreams *managing uncertainty begins with seeing uncertainty as an opportunity for growth rather than danger Uncertainty Appraisal Methods *interference from related situations *Illusion (construction of beliefs) *Danger sensed (cope to resolve uncertainty *Opportunity sensed: (cope to maintain certainty) *if coping is effective, adaption occurs *managing uncertainty leads to growth Stigma *common fear with chronic illness *CI may label as different *stigma leads to discrimination, social isolation, threats *impacts functional capacity, self-image and acceptance Spiritual and emotional reactions *grief *fear and anxiety *anger *depression *guilt Adaption to chronic illness *conviction that meaningful quality of life is worth the struggle is necessary for adaption to occur *quality of life is the new standard for measuring performance of health care *quality of life includes functional capacity and independence *quality of life provides a means to evaluate achievement of personal goals Self Transcendence *capacity to extend personal boundaries multi-dimensionally and be oriented towards perspectives, activities, and purposes beyond the self without negating the value of self *includes introspective reflection, outward concern for other's welfare, integrate past and future into present *can explain why some with chronic illness thrive Hea