, 1
CHAPTERS TOPICS
Chapter 01 Introduction to Pathophysiology
Chapter 02 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Chapter 03 Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other
Common Therapies
Chapter 04 Pain
Chapter 05 Inflammation and Healing
Chapter 06 Infection
Chapter 07 Immunity
Skin Disorders
Chapter 08
Chapter 09 Musculoskeletal Disorders
Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
Chapter 11 Lymphatic System Disorders
Cardiovascular System Disorders
Chapter 12
Chapter 13 Respiratory System Disorders
Neurological Disorders
Chapter 14
Chapter 15 Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory
Organs
Chapter 16 Endocrine System Disorders
Digestive System Disorders
Chapter 17
Urinary System Disorders
Chapter 18
Reproductive System Disorders
Chapter 19
Neoplasms and Cancer
Chapter 20
Congenital and Genetic Disorders
Chapter 21
Complications due to Pregnancy
Chapter 22
Complications due to Adolescence
Chapter 23
, Complications due to Aging
Chapter 24
Immobility and Associated Problems
Chapter 25
Stress and Associated Problems
Chapter 26
Substance Abuse and Associated Problems
Chapter 27
Environmental Hazards and Associated
Chapter 28 Problems
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
VanMeter and Hubert: Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of
an iatrogenic disease?
a. An inherited disorder
b. A combination of specific etiological factors
c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
ANS: C
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
b. signs and symptoms of a disease.
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.
ANS: B
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode.
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness.
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness.
=; =;
ANS: C
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
a. Swelling of the knee
b. Fever
c. Pain in the neck
d. Red rash on the face
, ANS: B
5. Etiology is best defined as the study of:
A. The structural changes occurring in diseased tissues
B. The causes or origins of a disease
C. The clinical manifestations of disease
D. The expected outcomes of treatment
ANS: B
Rationale:
Etiology refers to the cause or origin of a disease, including genetic, environmental, infectious, or lifestyle factors.
Understanding etiology allows healthcare professionals to determine preventive strategies and targeted treatments.
Structural changes are studied in pathology, while manifestations refer to signs and symptoms.
20260208151835_6988a94b87277_176
6. A decrease in the size of cells resulting in reduced tissue mass is termed:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy
ANS: B
Rationale:
Atrophy occurs when cells shrink due to reduced workload, poor nutrition, aging, or decreased blood supply. In
contrast:
• Hypertrophy = increase in cell size
• Hyperplasia = increase in cell number
• Dysplasia = abnormal cell development
7. Cells that vary significantly in size and shape with increased mitotic activity are characteristic of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia
ANS: B
Rationale:
Dysplasia involves abnormal cellular growth, often considered a precancerous condition. Cells appear irregular and
show increased mitosis. This condition frequently occurs in epithelial tissues exposed to chronic irritation such as
smoking.
CHAPTERS TOPICS
Chapter 01 Introduction to Pathophysiology
Chapter 02 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Chapter 03 Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other
Common Therapies
Chapter 04 Pain
Chapter 05 Inflammation and Healing
Chapter 06 Infection
Chapter 07 Immunity
Skin Disorders
Chapter 08
Chapter 09 Musculoskeletal Disorders
Chapter 10 Blood and Circulatory System Disorders
Chapter 11 Lymphatic System Disorders
Cardiovascular System Disorders
Chapter 12
Chapter 13 Respiratory System Disorders
Neurological Disorders
Chapter 14
Chapter 15 Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory
Organs
Chapter 16 Endocrine System Disorders
Digestive System Disorders
Chapter 17
Urinary System Disorders
Chapter 18
Reproductive System Disorders
Chapter 19
Neoplasms and Cancer
Chapter 20
Congenital and Genetic Disorders
Chapter 21
Complications due to Pregnancy
Chapter 22
Complications due to Adolescence
Chapter 23
, Complications due to Aging
Chapter 24
Immobility and Associated Problems
Chapter 25
Stress and Associated Problems
Chapter 26
Substance Abuse and Associated Problems
Chapter 27
Environmental Hazards and Associated
Chapter 28 Problems
Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
VanMeter and Hubert: Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 8th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following would be the most likely cause of
an iatrogenic disease?
a. An inherited disorder
b. A combination of specific etiological factors
c. An unwanted effect of a prescribed drug
d. Prolonged exposure to toxic chemicals in the environment
ANS: C
2. The manifestations of a disease are best defined as the
a. subjective feelings of discomfort during a chronic illness.
b. signs and symptoms of a disease.
c. factors that precipitate an acute episode of a chronic illness.
d. early indicators of the prodromal stage of infection.
ANS: B
3. The best definition of the term prognosis is the
a. precipitating factors causing an acute episode.
b. number of remissions to be expected during the course of a chronic illness.
c. predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
d. exacerbations occurring during chronic illness.
=; =;
ANS: C
4. Which of the following is considered a systemic sign of disease?
a. Swelling of the knee
b. Fever
c. Pain in the neck
d. Red rash on the face
, ANS: B
5. Etiology is best defined as the study of:
A. The structural changes occurring in diseased tissues
B. The causes or origins of a disease
C. The clinical manifestations of disease
D. The expected outcomes of treatment
ANS: B
Rationale:
Etiology refers to the cause or origin of a disease, including genetic, environmental, infectious, or lifestyle factors.
Understanding etiology allows healthcare professionals to determine preventive strategies and targeted treatments.
Structural changes are studied in pathology, while manifestations refer to signs and symptoms.
20260208151835_6988a94b87277_176
6. A decrease in the size of cells resulting in reduced tissue mass is termed:
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy
ANS: B
Rationale:
Atrophy occurs when cells shrink due to reduced workload, poor nutrition, aging, or decreased blood supply. In
contrast:
• Hypertrophy = increase in cell size
• Hyperplasia = increase in cell number
• Dysplasia = abnormal cell development
7. Cells that vary significantly in size and shape with increased mitotic activity are characteristic of:
A. Hypertrophy
B. Dysplasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Hyperplasia
ANS: B
Rationale:
Dysplasia involves abnormal cellular growth, often considered a precancerous condition. Cells appear irregular and
show increased mitosis. This condition frequently occurs in epithelial tissues exposed to chronic irritation such as
smoking.
