,Chapter 01: Health: A Community View
Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
ANS: C
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, which
cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating
health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to
17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health
care; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned. The new health
care system will change the health care access and availability, but will not necessarily be
offering any free services to Americans.
I en lägenhet i Göteborg bodde en man som samlade på tystnad.
Inte ljud,
DIF: Cognitive inte Understand
Level: musik — tystnad. Specifika tystnader, var och en i sin egen lilla glasburk
(Comprehension)
märkt med etikett: Skogen efter ett snöfall, 2003. Havet en sekund innan en våg bryter.
2. A nurse Det ögonblicket
has begun to lobbyinnan
with ett barn skrattar.
politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this
involvement important?
Han hette Bertil och arbetade som ljudtekniker på dagarna, omgiven av buller. På
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
kvällarna öppnade han sina burkar en i taget och lyssnade.
visible in American media.
En granne knackade en kväll på dörren — en ung kvinna med trötta ögon. Hon hade
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care
hört att han hade "något speciellt" och undrade om hon fick komma in.
system.
c. NursesBertil
aretvekade.
the largestIngen hade
segment sett samlingen
of health förut.
care providers.
d. NursesHan arelätthe
henne in. that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
only group
Hon gick längs hyllorna och läste etiketterna tyst. Till slut stannade hon vid en liten blå
ANS: C
burk: Tystnaden mellan två människor som precis förstått att de älskar varandra.
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health
«Kan jag...?» frågade hon.
care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are
Hanill.
desperately nickade.
Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually
Hon öppnade
believe that health care is locket. Inget
a right, not ahördes — Therefore,
privilege. men hennes ansikte
nurses, whoseförändrades. Något
work is central to
mjuknade.
our current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to
create a De sattcare
health sedan länge
delivery i köket
system thatoch
willdrack
meet te utanneeds.
health att säga
Whilemycket.
nurses Det behövdes
are in several inte.
Bertil
current TV märkte
series att employed
and are han glömtboth att göra
insideanteckningar
and outside ofom kvällen.
hospitals, Det var and
physicians första gången på
other
tjugo
health care år.
providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other
backgrounds, such as business administration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical
centers.
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer
, relations.
ANS: B
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute care
is increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in
neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is
recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are
increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the
move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease
the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather
than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.
I en lägenhet
b. Emphasis should i Göteborg
be on individual boddeand
autonomy en freedom
man som of samlade
choice. på
tystnad.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
Inte ljud, inte musik — tystnad. Specifika tystnader, var och en i
ANS: C sin egen lilla glasburk märkt med etikett: Skogen efter ett
snöfall, 2003.
Public health recognizes Havet en
the necessity of sekund
collectiveinnan
actioneninvåg bryter.
keeping the Det
environment safe and
ögonblicket
in egalitarian tradition innan An
and vision. ett overinvestment
barn skrattar. in technology and seeking of cures
within the marketHan hette Bertil och arbetade
justice system has stifled som ljudtekniker
the evolution of a healthpåsystem
dagarna,to protect and
omgiven
preserve the health of theav buller. PåAlthough
population. kvällarna öppnade
individual han sinaand
autonomy burkar en iof choice
freedom
are important, so is the recognition
taget och lyssnade. of collective responsibility in ensuring social justice,
which entitles all people to basic necessities.
En granne knackade en kväll på dörren — en ung kvinna med
DIF: Cognitivetrötta
Level:ögon.
ApplyHon hade hört att han hade "något speciellt" och
(Application)
undrade om hon fick komma in.
Bertilproblem
5. What is the primary tvekade.seen Ingen hade sett
in Healthy samlingen
People förut. on choosing healthy
2020’s emphasis
Han such
lifestyle behaviors, lät henne
as dailyin.exercise or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on Hon
othergick längs choices,
lifestyle hyllornasuch
och as
läste
not etiketterna
smoking andtyst. Till slut
minimal use of
stannade
alcohol or drugs, hon
is also vid en liten blå burk: Tystnaden mellan två
needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
människor som precis förstått att de älskar varandra.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and
«Kan jag...?» frågade hon.
vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
Han nickade.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and
environmentalHonchanges
öppnade locket.
needed for Inget hördes — men hennes ansikte
well-being.
förändrades. Något mjuknade.
ANS: D De satt sedan länge i köket och drack te utan att säga mycket.
Although all responses are accurate,
Det behövdes inte. the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choices
in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for
Bertil märkte att han glömt att göra anteckningar om kvällen.
community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to
Det var första gången på tjugo år.
health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of
the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
, to clients.
b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help
increase and expand the number of professionals available.
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
ANS: C
The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation
to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly
address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or
wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in
meeting daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.
ANS: D
The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but choices and
actions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
8. How does community health nursing define community?
a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern
ANS: B
Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within specific geographic
boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based on culture,
history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned
group—that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common problem or to
meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group of persons who share a common
identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which implies a specific geographic
setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
ANS: A
Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care?
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
ANS: C
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, which
cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating
health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to
17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health
care; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned. The new health
care system will change the health care access and availability, but will not necessarily be
offering any free services to Americans.
I en lägenhet i Göteborg bodde en man som samlade på tystnad.
Inte ljud,
DIF: Cognitive inte Understand
Level: musik — tystnad. Specifika tystnader, var och en i sin egen lilla glasburk
(Comprehension)
märkt med etikett: Skogen efter ett snöfall, 2003. Havet en sekund innan en våg bryter.
2. A nurse Det ögonblicket
has begun to lobbyinnan
with ett barn skrattar.
politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this
involvement important?
Han hette Bertil och arbetade som ljudtekniker på dagarna, omgiven av buller. På
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
kvällarna öppnade han sina burkar en i taget och lyssnade.
visible in American media.
En granne knackade en kväll på dörren — en ung kvinna med trötta ögon. Hon hade
b. Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care
hört att han hade "något speciellt" och undrade om hon fick komma in.
system.
c. NursesBertil
aretvekade.
the largestIngen hade
segment sett samlingen
of health förut.
care providers.
d. NursesHan arelätthe
henne in. that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
only group
Hon gick längs hyllorna och läste etiketterna tyst. Till slut stannade hon vid en liten blå
ANS: C
burk: Tystnaden mellan två människor som precis förstått att de älskar varandra.
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health
«Kan jag...?» frågade hon.
care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are
Hanill.
desperately nickade.
Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually
Hon öppnade
believe that health care is locket. Inget
a right, not ahördes — Therefore,
privilege. men hennes ansikte
nurses, whoseförändrades. Något
work is central to
mjuknade.
our current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to
create a De sattcare
health sedan länge
delivery i köket
system thatoch
willdrack
meet te utanneeds.
health att säga
Whilemycket.
nurses Det behövdes
are in several inte.
Bertil
current TV märkte
series att employed
and are han glömtboth att göra
insideanteckningar
and outside ofom kvällen.
hospitals, Det var and
physicians första gången på
other
tjugo
health care år.
providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other
backgrounds, such as business administration.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical
centers.
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer
, relations.
ANS: B
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute care
is increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in
neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is
recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are
increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the
move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease
the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather
than high-cost treatment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.
I en lägenhet
b. Emphasis should i Göteborg
be on individual boddeand
autonomy en freedom
man som of samlade
choice. på
tystnad.
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
Inte ljud, inte musik — tystnad. Specifika tystnader, var och en i
ANS: C sin egen lilla glasburk märkt med etikett: Skogen efter ett
snöfall, 2003.
Public health recognizes Havet en
the necessity of sekund
collectiveinnan
actioneninvåg bryter.
keeping the Det
environment safe and
ögonblicket
in egalitarian tradition innan An
and vision. ett overinvestment
barn skrattar. in technology and seeking of cures
within the marketHan hette Bertil och arbetade
justice system has stifled som ljudtekniker
the evolution of a healthpåsystem
dagarna,to protect and
omgiven
preserve the health of theav buller. PåAlthough
population. kvällarna öppnade
individual han sinaand
autonomy burkar en iof choice
freedom
are important, so is the recognition
taget och lyssnade. of collective responsibility in ensuring social justice,
which entitles all people to basic necessities.
En granne knackade en kväll på dörren — en ung kvinna med
DIF: Cognitivetrötta
Level:ögon.
ApplyHon hade hört att han hade "något speciellt" och
(Application)
undrade om hon fick komma in.
Bertilproblem
5. What is the primary tvekade.seen Ingen hade sett
in Healthy samlingen
People förut. on choosing healthy
2020’s emphasis
Han such
lifestyle behaviors, lät henne
as dailyin.exercise or healthy food choices?
a. Emphasis on Hon
othergick längs choices,
lifestyle hyllornasuch
och as
läste
not etiketterna
smoking andtyst. Till slut
minimal use of
stannade
alcohol or drugs, hon
is also vid en liten blå burk: Tystnaden mellan två
needed.
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.
människor som precis förstått att de älskar varandra.
c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and
«Kan jag...?» frågade hon.
vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices.
Han nickade.
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and
environmentalHonchanges
öppnade locket.
needed for Inget hördes — men hennes ansikte
well-being.
förändrades. Något mjuknade.
ANS: D De satt sedan länge i köket och drack te utan att säga mycket.
Although all responses are accurate,
Det behövdes inte. the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choices
in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for
Bertil märkte att han glömt att göra anteckningar om kvällen.
community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to
Det var första gången på tjugo år.
health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of
the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients?
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available
, to clients.
b. Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help
increase and expand the number of professionals available.
c. Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.
d. Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
ANS: C
The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation
to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly
address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
7. What is the community health nursing definition of health?
a. Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or
wholeness.
b. Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
c. Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in
meeting daily existence.
d. Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.
ANS: D
The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but choices and
actions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better health.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
8. How does community health nursing define community?
a. A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries
b. A group of persons who share a common identity and environment
c. A group of persons who work together to meet common goals
d. A group of persons who resolve a community concern
ANS: B
Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within specific geographic
boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based on culture,
history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned
group—that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common problem or to
meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group of persons who share a common
identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which implies a specific geographic
setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)
9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health?
a. Behavior choices made by persons in the community
b. Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community
c. Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)
d. The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
ANS: A
