TEST BANK
j
,Chapterj1:jCelljAdaptation,jInjuryjandjDeath
Ischemiajandjotherjtoxicjinjuriesjincreasejthejaccumulationjofjintracellularjcalciumjasjajresultjof:
1.
A) releasejofjstoredjcalciumjfromjthejmitochondria.
B) improvedjintracellularjvolumejregulation.
C) decreasedjinfluxjacrossjthejcelljmembrane.
D) attractionjofjcalciumjtojfattyjinfiltrates.
Thejpatientjisjfoundjtojhavejliverjdisease,jresultingjinjthejremovaljofjajlobejofjhisjliver.jAdapta
2. tionjtojthejreducedjsizejofjthejliverjleadsjtoj ofjthejremainingjliverjcells.
A) metaplasia
B) organjatrophy
C) compensatoryjhyperplasia
jj D) physiologicjhypertrophy
Ajpersonjeatingjpeanutsjstartsjchokingjandjcollapses.jHisjairwayjobstructionjisjpartiallyjcl
eared,jbutjhejremainsjhypoxicjuntiljhejreachesjthejhospital.jThejprolongedjcelljhypoxiajcau
3. sedjajcerebraljinfarctionjandjresultingj injthejbrain.
A) caspasejactivation
B) coagulationjnecrosis
C) rapidjphagocytosis
D) proteinjp53jdeficiency
Bacteriajandjvirusesjcausejcelljdamagejbyj
4. ,jwhichjisjuniquejfromjthejintracellularj
damagejcausedjbyjotherjinjuriousjagents.
A) disruptingjthejsodium/potassiumjATPasejpump
B) interruptingjoxidativejmetabolismjprocesses
jj C) replicatingjandjproducingjcontinuedjinjury
D) decreasingjproteinjsynthesisjandjfunction
Thejpatientjhasjajprolongedjinterruptionjinjarterialjbloodjflowjtojhisjleftjkidney,jcausingjhypoxicjc
5. elljinjuryjandjthejreleasejofjfreejradicals.jFreejradicalsjdamagejcellsjby:
A) destroyingjphospholipidsjinjthejcelljmembrane.
B) alteringjthejimmunejresponsejofjthejcell.
C) disruptingjcalciumjstoragejinjthejcell.
D) inactivationjofjenzymesjandjmitochondria.
6. Injuredjcellsjhavejimpairedjflowjofjsubstancesjthroughjthejcelljmembranejasjajresultjof:
, A) increasedjfatjload.
B) alteredjpermeability.
C) alteredjglucosejutilization.
D) increasedjsurfacejreceptors.
7. Reversiblejadaptivejintracellularjresponsesjarejinitiatedjby:
A) stimulusjoverload.
B) geneticjmutations.
C) chemicaljmessengers.
D) mitochondrialjDNA.
8. Injuredjcellsjbecomejveryjswollenjasjajresultjof:
A) increasedjcelljproteinjsynthesis.
B) alteredjcelljvolumejregulation.
C) passivejentryjofjpotassiumjintojthejcell.
D) blebjformationjinjthejplasmajmembrane.
Ajdiabeticjpatientjhasjimpairedjsensation,jcirculation,jandjoxygenationjofjhisjfeet.jHejstepsjonjaj
piecejofjglass,jthejwoundjdoesjnotjheal,jandjthejareajtissuejbecomesjnecrotic.jThejnecroticjcelljd
9. eathjisjcharacterizedjby:
A) rapidjapoptosis.
B) cellularjrupture.
C) shrinkagejandjcollapse.
D) chronicjinflammation.
Aj99-year-
10. oldjwomanjhasjexperiencedjthejdeclinejofjcelljfunctionjassociatedjwithjage.jAjgroupjofjtheoriesj
ofjcellularjagingjfocusjonjprogrammed:
A) changesjwithjgeneticjinfluences.
B) eliminationjofjcelljreceptorjsites.
C) insufficientjtelomerasejenzyme.
jj D) DNAjmutationjorjfaultyjrepair.
Anj89-year-
oldjfemalejpatientjhasjexperiencedjsignificantjdecreasesjinjherjmobilityjandjstaminajduringjaj3-
weekjhospitaljstayjforjthejtreatmentjofjajfemoraljheadjfracture.jWhichjof
11. thejfollowingjphenomenajmostjlikelyjaccountsjforjthejpatientsjdecreasejinjmusclejfunctionjthatj
underliesjherjreducedjmobility?
A) Impairedjmusclejcelljmetabolismjresultingjfromjmetaplasia
B) Dysplasiajasjajconsequencejofjinflammationjduringjbonejremodeling
, C) Disusejatrophyjofjmusclejcellsjduringjajprolongedjperiodjofjimmobility
D) Ischemicjatrophyjresultingjfromjvascularjchangesjwhilejonjbedrest
Aj20-year-
oldjcollegejstudentjhasjpresentedjtojherjcampusjmedicaljclinicjforjajscheduledjPapanicolaouj(Pap
12. )jsmear.jThejclinicianjwhojwilljinterpretjthejsmearjwilljexaminejcelljsamplesjforjevidencejof:
A) changesjinjcelljshape,jsize,jandjorganization.
B) thejpresencejofjunexpectedjcelljtypes.
jj C) ischemicjchangesjinjcelljsamples.
D) abnormallyjhighjnumbersjofjcellsjinjajspecifiedjfield.
Whichjofjthejfollowingjpathophysiologicjprocessesjisjmostjlikelyjtojresultjinjmetastaticjcalcificat
jj 13. ion?
A) Benignjprostaticjhyperplasia
B) Liverjcirrhosis
C) Impairedjglycogenjmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despitejthejlowjlevelsjofjradiationjusedjinjcontemporaryjradiologicjimaging,jajradiologyjtechnic
ianjisjawarejofjthejneedjtojminimizejherjexposurejtojionizingjradiation.jWhatjisjthejprimaryjratio
14. nalejforjthejtechniciansjprecautions?
A) Radiationjstimulatesjpathologicjcelljhypertrophyjandjhyperplasia.
B) Radiationjresultsjinjthejaccumulationjofjendogenousjwastejproductsjinjthejcytoplasm.
C) RadiationjinterferesjwithjDNAjsynthesisjandjmitosis.
D) Radiationjdecreasesjthejactionjpotentialjofjrapidlyjdividingjcells.
Thejparentsjofjaj4-year-
oldjgirljhavejsoughtjcarejbecausejtheirjdaughterjhasjadmittedjtojchewingjandjswallowingjimport
15. edjtoyjfigurinesjthatjhavejbeenjdeterminedjtojbejmadejofjlead.jWhichjofjthejfollowingjbloodjtests
jshouldjthejcarejteamjprioritize?
jj A) Whitejbloodjcelljlevelsjwithjdifferential
B) Redjbloodjcelljlevelsjandjmorphology
C) Ureajandjcreatininejlevels
D) Liverjfunctionjpanel
Aj70-year-oldjmalejpatientjhasjbeenjadmittedjtojajhospitaljforjthejtreatmentjofjajrecent
hemorrhagicjstrokejthatjhasjleftjhimjwithjnumerousjmotorjandjsensoryjdeficits.jThesejdeficitsjare
16. jmostjlikelyjthejresultjofjwhichjofjthejfollowingjmechanismsjofjcelljinjury?
A) Freejradicaljinjury
B) HypoxiajandjATPjdepletion
C) InterferencejwithjDNAjsynthesis
j
,Chapterj1:jCelljAdaptation,jInjuryjandjDeath
Ischemiajandjotherjtoxicjinjuriesjincreasejthejaccumulationjofjintracellularjcalciumjasjajresultjof:
1.
A) releasejofjstoredjcalciumjfromjthejmitochondria.
B) improvedjintracellularjvolumejregulation.
C) decreasedjinfluxjacrossjthejcelljmembrane.
D) attractionjofjcalciumjtojfattyjinfiltrates.
Thejpatientjisjfoundjtojhavejliverjdisease,jresultingjinjthejremovaljofjajlobejofjhisjliver.jAdapta
2. tionjtojthejreducedjsizejofjthejliverjleadsjtoj ofjthejremainingjliverjcells.
A) metaplasia
B) organjatrophy
C) compensatoryjhyperplasia
jj D) physiologicjhypertrophy
Ajpersonjeatingjpeanutsjstartsjchokingjandjcollapses.jHisjairwayjobstructionjisjpartiallyjcl
eared,jbutjhejremainsjhypoxicjuntiljhejreachesjthejhospital.jThejprolongedjcelljhypoxiajcau
3. sedjajcerebraljinfarctionjandjresultingj injthejbrain.
A) caspasejactivation
B) coagulationjnecrosis
C) rapidjphagocytosis
D) proteinjp53jdeficiency
Bacteriajandjvirusesjcausejcelljdamagejbyj
4. ,jwhichjisjuniquejfromjthejintracellularj
damagejcausedjbyjotherjinjuriousjagents.
A) disruptingjthejsodium/potassiumjATPasejpump
B) interruptingjoxidativejmetabolismjprocesses
jj C) replicatingjandjproducingjcontinuedjinjury
D) decreasingjproteinjsynthesisjandjfunction
Thejpatientjhasjajprolongedjinterruptionjinjarterialjbloodjflowjtojhisjleftjkidney,jcausingjhypoxicjc
5. elljinjuryjandjthejreleasejofjfreejradicals.jFreejradicalsjdamagejcellsjby:
A) destroyingjphospholipidsjinjthejcelljmembrane.
B) alteringjthejimmunejresponsejofjthejcell.
C) disruptingjcalciumjstoragejinjthejcell.
D) inactivationjofjenzymesjandjmitochondria.
6. Injuredjcellsjhavejimpairedjflowjofjsubstancesjthroughjthejcelljmembranejasjajresultjof:
, A) increasedjfatjload.
B) alteredjpermeability.
C) alteredjglucosejutilization.
D) increasedjsurfacejreceptors.
7. Reversiblejadaptivejintracellularjresponsesjarejinitiatedjby:
A) stimulusjoverload.
B) geneticjmutations.
C) chemicaljmessengers.
D) mitochondrialjDNA.
8. Injuredjcellsjbecomejveryjswollenjasjajresultjof:
A) increasedjcelljproteinjsynthesis.
B) alteredjcelljvolumejregulation.
C) passivejentryjofjpotassiumjintojthejcell.
D) blebjformationjinjthejplasmajmembrane.
Ajdiabeticjpatientjhasjimpairedjsensation,jcirculation,jandjoxygenationjofjhisjfeet.jHejstepsjonjaj
piecejofjglass,jthejwoundjdoesjnotjheal,jandjthejareajtissuejbecomesjnecrotic.jThejnecroticjcelljd
9. eathjisjcharacterizedjby:
A) rapidjapoptosis.
B) cellularjrupture.
C) shrinkagejandjcollapse.
D) chronicjinflammation.
Aj99-year-
10. oldjwomanjhasjexperiencedjthejdeclinejofjcelljfunctionjassociatedjwithjage.jAjgroupjofjtheoriesj
ofjcellularjagingjfocusjonjprogrammed:
A) changesjwithjgeneticjinfluences.
B) eliminationjofjcelljreceptorjsites.
C) insufficientjtelomerasejenzyme.
jj D) DNAjmutationjorjfaultyjrepair.
Anj89-year-
oldjfemalejpatientjhasjexperiencedjsignificantjdecreasesjinjherjmobilityjandjstaminajduringjaj3-
weekjhospitaljstayjforjthejtreatmentjofjajfemoraljheadjfracture.jWhichjof
11. thejfollowingjphenomenajmostjlikelyjaccountsjforjthejpatientsjdecreasejinjmusclejfunctionjthatj
underliesjherjreducedjmobility?
A) Impairedjmusclejcelljmetabolismjresultingjfromjmetaplasia
B) Dysplasiajasjajconsequencejofjinflammationjduringjbonejremodeling
, C) Disusejatrophyjofjmusclejcellsjduringjajprolongedjperiodjofjimmobility
D) Ischemicjatrophyjresultingjfromjvascularjchangesjwhilejonjbedrest
Aj20-year-
oldjcollegejstudentjhasjpresentedjtojherjcampusjmedicaljclinicjforjajscheduledjPapanicolaouj(Pap
12. )jsmear.jThejclinicianjwhojwilljinterpretjthejsmearjwilljexaminejcelljsamplesjforjevidencejof:
A) changesjinjcelljshape,jsize,jandjorganization.
B) thejpresencejofjunexpectedjcelljtypes.
jj C) ischemicjchangesjinjcelljsamples.
D) abnormallyjhighjnumbersjofjcellsjinjajspecifiedjfield.
Whichjofjthejfollowingjpathophysiologicjprocessesjisjmostjlikelyjtojresultjinjmetastaticjcalcificat
jj 13. ion?
A) Benignjprostaticjhyperplasia
B) Liverjcirrhosis
C) Impairedjglycogenjmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despitejthejlowjlevelsjofjradiationjusedjinjcontemporaryjradiologicjimaging,jajradiologyjtechnic
ianjisjawarejofjthejneedjtojminimizejherjexposurejtojionizingjradiation.jWhatjisjthejprimaryjratio
14. nalejforjthejtechniciansjprecautions?
A) Radiationjstimulatesjpathologicjcelljhypertrophyjandjhyperplasia.
B) Radiationjresultsjinjthejaccumulationjofjendogenousjwastejproductsjinjthejcytoplasm.
C) RadiationjinterferesjwithjDNAjsynthesisjandjmitosis.
D) Radiationjdecreasesjthejactionjpotentialjofjrapidlyjdividingjcells.
Thejparentsjofjaj4-year-
oldjgirljhavejsoughtjcarejbecausejtheirjdaughterjhasjadmittedjtojchewingjandjswallowingjimport
15. edjtoyjfigurinesjthatjhavejbeenjdeterminedjtojbejmadejofjlead.jWhichjofjthejfollowingjbloodjtests
jshouldjthejcarejteamjprioritize?
jj A) Whitejbloodjcelljlevelsjwithjdifferential
B) Redjbloodjcelljlevelsjandjmorphology
C) Ureajandjcreatininejlevels
D) Liverjfunctionjpanel
Aj70-year-oldjmalejpatientjhasjbeenjadmittedjtojajhospitaljforjthejtreatmentjofjajrecent
hemorrhagicjstrokejthatjhasjleftjhimjwithjnumerousjmotorjandjsensoryjdeficits.jThesejdeficitsjare
16. jmostjlikelyjthejresultjofjwhichjofjthejfollowingjmechanismsjofjcelljinjury?
A) Freejradicaljinjury
B) HypoxiajandjATPjdepletion
C) InterferencejwithjDNAjsynthesis
