LPI LINUX ESSENTIALS PRACTICE SCRIPT
UPDATED 2026 TESTED SOLUTIONS
⫸ Command Line Shells Answer: Text based user interface
⫸ Monolithic Kernel Answer: Does everything a kernel is supposed to
do in one big process
⫸ Microkernel Answer: -Moves as many tasks as it can into non-kernel
processes
-Then manages the communications between the processes
⫸ Commercial software Answer: -Software sold for profit
-Copyrighted, kept secret, proprietary
⫸ Shareware Software Answer: Software permits free temporary use
followed by long-term activation fee
⫸ Freeware Software Answer: copyrighted software provided at no cost
by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software
⫸ Open Source Software Answer: -Program code made publicly
available for free
,-It can be copied, distributed, or changed without the stringent copyright
protections of proprietary software products
⫸ FSF Answer: -Free Software Foundation
-Sets the conditions under which the software can be redistributed.
⫸ OSI Answer: -Open Source Initiative
-Advocates on its behalf on more factual grounds
-Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond 1998
⫸ CC Answer: Creative Commons
⫸ Bern Convention Answer: An international agreement that requires
countries to recognize each other's copyrights
⫸ EULA Answer: Associated with a standalone software program
which explains the legal regulations for using the software
⫸ The GNU Project Answer: -GNU's Not Unix, founded by Richard
Stallman
-run/change the program as you wish
-copy the program and give it away to others
-distribute an improved version
,⫸ GPL Answer: -General Public License
-Guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the
software
-Linux was released under these terms
⫸ Copyleft Answer: work may be used, modified and distributed freely
⫸ Distribution Answer: -Distro or flavor
-An operating system made from a software collection, which is based
upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system
-Ex. debian, fedora, redhat, ubuntu
⫸ Linux Kernel Answer: -Core of the Linux OS
-manages the hardware/drivers, memory and swap space
-supports program interactions
-allocates CPU time to programs
⫸ Core Unix Tools Answer: -Utilities to manage disks for the OS to
function normally
-Ex. GNU tool set, X Windows System
⫸ Supplemental Software Answer: -Any additional software that ship
with a Linux distribution
, -Ex. major server programs, desktop environments, and productivity
tools
⫸ Installer Answer: Unique installation software that allows a user to
install software on the OS
⫸ Short release cycle Answer: Aim to provide the latest software
possible
⫸ Long release cycle Answer: Strive to provide the most stable
environments possible
⫸ Alpha Software Answer: Extremely new and very likely to contain
serious bugs
⫸ Beta Software Answer: More stable but is still likely to contain bugs
⫸ Terminal Program Answer: A program inside a desktop environment
which provides a text mode user interface inside a window
⫸ FTP Answer: -File Transfer Protocol
-20, 21
-Used for transferring files over a network
⫸ SMTP Answer: -25
UPDATED 2026 TESTED SOLUTIONS
⫸ Command Line Shells Answer: Text based user interface
⫸ Monolithic Kernel Answer: Does everything a kernel is supposed to
do in one big process
⫸ Microkernel Answer: -Moves as many tasks as it can into non-kernel
processes
-Then manages the communications between the processes
⫸ Commercial software Answer: -Software sold for profit
-Copyrighted, kept secret, proprietary
⫸ Shareware Software Answer: Software permits free temporary use
followed by long-term activation fee
⫸ Freeware Software Answer: copyrighted software provided at no cost
by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software
⫸ Open Source Software Answer: -Program code made publicly
available for free
,-It can be copied, distributed, or changed without the stringent copyright
protections of proprietary software products
⫸ FSF Answer: -Free Software Foundation
-Sets the conditions under which the software can be redistributed.
⫸ OSI Answer: -Open Source Initiative
-Advocates on its behalf on more factual grounds
-Bruce Perens and Eric Raymond 1998
⫸ CC Answer: Creative Commons
⫸ Bern Convention Answer: An international agreement that requires
countries to recognize each other's copyrights
⫸ EULA Answer: Associated with a standalone software program
which explains the legal regulations for using the software
⫸ The GNU Project Answer: -GNU's Not Unix, founded by Richard
Stallman
-run/change the program as you wish
-copy the program and give it away to others
-distribute an improved version
,⫸ GPL Answer: -General Public License
-Guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the
software
-Linux was released under these terms
⫸ Copyleft Answer: work may be used, modified and distributed freely
⫸ Distribution Answer: -Distro or flavor
-An operating system made from a software collection, which is based
upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system
-Ex. debian, fedora, redhat, ubuntu
⫸ Linux Kernel Answer: -Core of the Linux OS
-manages the hardware/drivers, memory and swap space
-supports program interactions
-allocates CPU time to programs
⫸ Core Unix Tools Answer: -Utilities to manage disks for the OS to
function normally
-Ex. GNU tool set, X Windows System
⫸ Supplemental Software Answer: -Any additional software that ship
with a Linux distribution
, -Ex. major server programs, desktop environments, and productivity
tools
⫸ Installer Answer: Unique installation software that allows a user to
install software on the OS
⫸ Short release cycle Answer: Aim to provide the latest software
possible
⫸ Long release cycle Answer: Strive to provide the most stable
environments possible
⫸ Alpha Software Answer: Extremely new and very likely to contain
serious bugs
⫸ Beta Software Answer: More stable but is still likely to contain bugs
⫸ Terminal Program Answer: A program inside a desktop environment
which provides a text mode user interface inside a window
⫸ FTP Answer: -File Transfer Protocol
-20, 21
-Used for transferring files over a network
⫸ SMTP Answer: -25
