NR507 Final Exam Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Questions and Answers and Explanations | Latest - Chamberlain

NR507 Final Exam: Advanced Pathophysiology Questions and Answers
and Explanations | Latest - Chamberlain
1. Which cellular adaptation process involves the replacement of one mature

cell type by another, often due to chronic irritation?

• A. Metaplasia

• B. Hypertrophy

• C. Atrophy

• D. Dysplasia


Answer: A


Explanation: Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another

adult cell type. It is often a response to chronic irritation, such as the change in bronchial

lining in smokers.


2. Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in Type I hypersensitivity

reactions, such as anaphylaxis or allergic rhinitis?

• A. IgG

• B. IgE

• C. IgM

• D. IgA


Answer: B

,Explanation: IgE binds to mast cells and basophils. When an allergen cross-links these IgE

molecules, it triggers the release of histamine and other mediators associated with Type I

hypersensitivity.


3. In the pathophysiology of iron deficiency anemia, which of the following lab

values is typically decreased?

• A. Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

• B. Serum Ferritin

• C. Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

• D. Transferrin saturation levels (initially)


Answer: B


Explanation: Serum ferritin levels reflect body iron stores and are typically the first to

decrease in the development of iron deficiency anemia.


4. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of left-sided heart failure?

• A. Peripheral edema

• B. Pulmonary congestion and crackles

• C. Jugular venous distension

• D. Hepatomegaly


Answer: B


Explanation: Left-sided heart failure leads to a backup of blood into the pulmonary

circulation, causing pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, and crackles in the lungs.

,5. What is the primary underlying pathophysiology of asthma?

• A. Permanent destruction of alveolar walls

• B. Genetic deficiency of alpha-1 antitrypsin

• C. Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae

• D. Chronic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness


Answer: D


Explanation: Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and

hyperresponsiveness to various stimuli, leading to reversible bronchoconstriction.


6. Which of the following is a hallmark clinical finding of Nephrotic Syndrome?

• A. Heavy proteinuria (>3.5g/24h)

• B. Hematuria with red blood cell casts

• C. Oliguria and azotemia

• D. Normal serum albumin


Answer: A


Explanation: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia,

and peripheral edema due to glomerular damage.


7. Grave’s disease is caused by which mechanism?

• A. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) mimicking TSH

• B. TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma

• C. Autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland

, • D. Iodine deficiency


Answer: A


Explanation: Grave’s disease involves Type II hypersensitivity where antibodies (TSI)

stimulate the TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.


8. The pathophysiology of Myasthenia Gravis involves:

• A. Demyelination of central nervous system neurons

• B. Loss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra

• C. Autoimmune destruction of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular

junction

• D. Increased intracranial pressure due to CSF obstruction


Answer: C


Explanation: Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies block or

destroy acetylcholine receptors, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue.


9. Portal hypertension in cirrhosis most commonly leads to which complication?

• A. Hypoglycemia

• B. Metabolic Alkalosis

• C. Esophageal varices

• D. Increased vitamin K absorption


Answer: C