TOPTUTOR254
TEST BANK
Edmunds’ Pharmacology For The Primary Care Provider
By Constance G Visovsky, Cheryl H Zambroski & Rebecca M Lutz
5th Edition
All Chapters (1- 73) | Correct & Accurate Verified Answers | Graded A+
, Chapter 01: Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. Change Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in
medical schools?
a. Changes in Medicare reimbursement
methods recommended in 1992
b. Competition from nonphysicians
desiringto meet primary care shortages
c. The need for monopolistic control in
themarketplace of primary
outpatient care
d. The recognition that nonphysicians
havevariable success providing primary
care
CORRECT ANSWER:A
The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial
reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of
primary care providers, this incentive led medical schools to place greater emphasis
onpreparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased
coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have
beenshown to be safe and effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2
2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
a. Older physicians tend to prescribe
moreappropriate medications than
younger physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the
topfive classifications of medications
prescribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic
armamentarium” that consists of less
than
100 drug preparations per physician.
Page 2 of 250
, d. The dominant form of drug information
used by primary care physicians
continuesto be that provided by
pharmaceutical companies.
CORRECT ANSWER:D
Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on
academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than
scientific sources of drug information dominated their drug information materials.
Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics
havedropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians
have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144 drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3
3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as
prescribers ofmedications, it will be important to:
a. attain the same level of
expertise asphysicians who
currently prescribe
medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians
and develop expertise based on
evidence-based practice.
c. maintain collaborative and
supervisorialrelationships with
physicians who will oversee prescribing
practices.
d. develop relationships with
pharmaceuticalrepresentatives to learn
about new medications as they are
developed.
CORRECT ANSWER:B
As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be
important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing
practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including
physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the past. NPs should
work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another
professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some
bias.Academic sources are better.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4
Page 3 of 250
, Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs, CNMs,
CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out
of the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this
defineshow NPs may write prescriptions:
a. without physician supervision in
privatepractice.
b. as CRNAs without physician
supervisionin a hospital setting.
c. in any situation but will not be
reimbursedfor this by government
insurers.
d. only with physician supervision in
bothprivate practice and a hospital
setting.
CORRECT ANSWER:B
In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician
supervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to
writeprescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9
2. CRNAs in most states:
a. must have a Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA) number to
practice.
b. must have prescriptive
authority topractice.
c. order and administer controlled
substancesbut do not have full
prescriptive authority.
d. administer medications,
including controlled
substances, under direct physician
supervision.
CORRECT ANSWER:C
Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not
require prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient
Page 4 of 250
TEST BANK
Edmunds’ Pharmacology For The Primary Care Provider
By Constance G Visovsky, Cheryl H Zambroski & Rebecca M Lutz
5th Edition
All Chapters (1- 73) | Correct & Accurate Verified Answers | Graded A+
, Chapter 01: Prescriptive Authority and Role Implementation: Tradition vs. Change Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following has influenced an emphasis on primary care education in
medical schools?
a. Changes in Medicare reimbursement
methods recommended in 1992
b. Competition from nonphysicians
desiringto meet primary care shortages
c. The need for monopolistic control in
themarketplace of primary
outpatient care
d. The recognition that nonphysicians
havevariable success providing primary
care
CORRECT ANSWER:A
The Physician Payment Review Commission in 1992 directly increased financial
reimbursement to clinicians who provide primary care. Coupled with a shortage of
primary care providers, this incentive led medical schools to place greater emphasis
onpreparing primary care physicians. Competition from nonphysicians increased
coincidentally as professionals from other disciplines stepped up to meet the needs.
Nonphysicians have had increasing success at providing primary care and have
beenshown to be safe and effective.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 2
2. Which of the following statements is true about the prescribing practices of physicians?
a. Older physicians tend to prescribe
moreappropriate medications than
younger physicians.
b. Antibiotic medications remain in the
topfive classifications of medications
prescribed.
c. Most physicians rely on a “therapeutic
armamentarium” that consists of less
than
100 drug preparations per physician.
Page 2 of 250
, d. The dominant form of drug information
used by primary care physicians
continuesto be that provided by
pharmaceutical companies.
CORRECT ANSWER:D
Even though most physicians claim to place little weight on drug advertisements,
pharmaceutical representatives, and patient preference and state that they rely on
academic sources for drug information, a study showed that commercial rather than
scientific sources of drug information dominated their drug information materials.
Younger physicians tend to prescribe fewer and more appropriate drugs. Antibiotics
havedropped out of the top five classifications of drugs prescribed. Most physicians
have a therapeutic armamentarium of about 144 drugs.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge) REF: 3
3. As primary care nurse practitioners (NPs) continue to develop their role as
prescribers ofmedications, it will be important to:
a. attain the same level of
expertise asphysicians who
currently prescribe
medications.
b. learn from the experiences of physicians
and develop expertise based on
evidence-based practice.
c. maintain collaborative and
supervisorialrelationships with
physicians who will oversee prescribing
practices.
d. develop relationships with
pharmaceuticalrepresentatives to learn
about new medications as they are
developed.
CORRECT ANSWER:B
As nonphysicians develop the roles associated with prescriptive authority, it will be
important to learn from the past experiences of physicians and to develop prescribing
practices based on evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that all prescribers, including
physicians and nurse practitioners, will strive to do better than in the past. NPs should
work toward prescriptive authority and for practice that is not supervised by another
professional. Pharmaceutical representatives provide information that carries some
bias.Academic sources are better.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application) REF: 4
Page 3 of 250
, Chapter 02: Historical Review of Prescriptive Authority: The Role of Nurses (NPs, CNMs,
CRNAs, and CNSs) and Physician Assistants
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A primary care NP will begin practicing in a state in which the governor has opted out
of the federal facility reimbursement requirement. The NP should be aware that this
defineshow NPs may write prescriptions:
a. without physician supervision in
privatepractice.
b. as CRNAs without physician
supervisionin a hospital setting.
c. in any situation but will not be
reimbursedfor this by government
insurers.
d. only with physician supervision in
bothprivate practice and a hospital
setting.
CORRECT ANSWER:B
In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services changed the federal physician
supervision rule for CRNAs to allow state governors to opt out, allowing CRNAs to
writeprescriptions and dispense drugs without physician supervision.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) REF: 9
2. CRNAs in most states:
a. must have a Drug Enforcement
Administration (DEA) number to
practice.
b. must have prescriptive
authority topractice.
c. order and administer controlled
substancesbut do not have full
prescriptive authority.
d. administer medications,
including controlled
substances, under direct physician
supervision.
CORRECT ANSWER:C
Only five states grant independent prescriptive authority to CRNAs. CRNAs do not
require prescriptive authority because they dispense a drug immediately to a patient
Page 4 of 250
