Med. Surg 2:Burn, Electrolyte, Acid-Base, Fluid-Electrolyte, Shock, Cardiopulmonary, Renal, Immunologic, Neurologic, Musculoskeletal, Nutrition, Pain, Infection, Wound Care, Grafting, Escharotomy, Compartment Syndrome, Inhalation Injury, Hypovolemia, Hype

Med. Surg 2:Burn, Electrolyte, Acid-Base, Fluid-Electrolyte, Shock, Cardiopulmonary, Renal, Immunologic, Neurologic, Musculoskeletal, Nutrition, Pain, Infection, Wound Care, Grafting, Escharotomy, Compartment Syndrome, Inhalation Injury, Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia, Hypernatremia, Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypokalemia, Hypercalcemia, Hypocalcemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypophosphatemia, Hypermagnesemia, Hypomagnesemia, Respiratory Acidosis, Metabolic Alkalosis Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 What is the function of the skin? Barrier against microbes, insulation, protects form trauma, absorbs UV radiation, obtain sensory information, temperature regulation (sweat). Primary role is protection. What body systems are affected by burns? Exposure to smoke = gas exchange issues. F&E imbalances. Perfusion issues; temperature regulation difficulties. Risk for malnutrition and immobility. Infection, sepsis, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Pain and emotional struggles. What are the types of burns? Thermal Chemical Electrical Cold thermal (frost bite) Thermal Burns Due to exposure to heat sources. Severity depends on the temperature and duration of exposure. Chemical Burns Acid, alkaline, organic compounds through inhalation, absorption, ingestion. Lye, sulfuric acid, wet cement, industrial cleaning agents. Electrical Burns Result from intense heat generated from electrical current. Severity depends on the voltage, tissue resistance, current pathways, surface area in contact with the current. Most of damage is internal; current causes muscles to contract and fractures may result; stabilize cervical spine. At risk for respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, and acute kidney injury. Types of Electrical Injuries Flash: Surge of electricity that doesn't pass through skin. Flame: Electricity that causes clothing or hair to ignite. Lighting: Short surge of electricity that passes through the body and can cause damage. True electrical: Individual becomes part of electrical circuit; causes entrance and exit wounds. Classification of Burn Injuries Determined by depth of burn, extent of burn calculated as total body surface area (TBSA), location of burn, preexisting health issues, and associated injuries. Partial-thickness burn depth: Involves epidermis and sometimes part of dermis. Can be superficial (first degree) or deep (second degree). Full-thickness burn depth: Both epidermis and dermis are destroyed. Third and fourth degree. Eschar Full-thickness, nonviable burn tissue. A nurse in a provider’s office is assessing a client who has a severe sunburn. Which of the following classifications should the nurse use to document this burn? A. Superficial partial thickness B. Deep partial thickness C. Full thickness A. Superficial partial thickness Rule of 9s Extent of burn. Used for initial adult triage. Lund-Brower formula for chidren Considers age. How do different burn locations affect the patient's health? Face, neck, circumferential torso burns can alter gas exchange. Edema (inflammation/fluids) can narrow airway. Hand, foot, joint burns can limit mobility and function. Circumferential extremity burns can impair perfusion. Burns on buttocks or perineum are high risk for infection. True or false? Patients with diabetes or PVD are at high risk for delayed wound healing. True. Emergency Care of Burns Remove the patient from the source of the burn. Flush chemical burns with copious amounts of water (sterile). Wrap patient in dry, clean sheet or blanket to protect and warm. Other injuries (airway) can take priority over the burn. Obtain the circumstances of the injury.