SMCC – Nursing 175 – Exam 1 – 2026 – Study Guide and
Practice Material
Name 5 common reasons for using Infusion therapy? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Maintain fluid
balance / correct imbalance
2. Maintain Electrolyte balance / correct imbalance
3. Administer Medications
4. Administer Blood Products
5. Nutrition
Name 4 priority concepts associated with Infusion Therapy - correct answer ✔✔ Fluid
Electrolyte balance
Tissue Integrity
Infection
Perfusion
What healthcare settings deliver infusion therapy? - correct answer ✔✔ Hospitals, clinics, Drs.
Offices, Homecare, Dialysis Centers, Long Term care facilities
IV drugs provide rapid therapeutic effects but can lead to immediate serious reactions known
as: - correct answer ✔✔ ADE. Adverse Drug Events
What does the term VAD mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Vascular Access Device
What are the two categories of VAD? - correct answer ✔✔ PVAD (peripheral vascular) and CVAD
(central venous)
,What are the different kinds of common Peripheral Vascular Access (PVA)devices? - correct
answer ✔✔ 1. Short, over the needle catheter (most common - 72-96 hours max - hand or
forearm)
2. Midline catheter (longer-term IV therapy - veining upper arm, 1-4 wks, no blood draws - no
vesicant drugs)
3. Winged infusion catheter (generally for children)
What are the different kinds of common Central Venous Access (CVA) Catheter types? - correct
answer ✔✔ 1. Non-tunneled Percutaneous CVC ( subclavian vein in upper chest or jugular, short
term, requires x-ray to confirm placement, used in emergency settings)
2. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) (x- ray determines placement, Can be used
longer term, and for contrast injections, CVP monitoring.
3. Tunneled CVC (lies in subcutaneous tunnel, used for long term infusion therapy, cuff of
antibiotics to reduce infection)
4. Implanted port (surgically implanted in upper chest, long term, flushed after each use)
What types of patients veins can NOT be used for Infusion Therapy? - correct answer ✔✔
Mastectomy
Axillary lymph node dissection
Lymphedema
Paralysis of upper extremities
Dialysis graft or fistulas
What does ISOTONIC mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Has the same Solute concentration as that of
blood plasma
List common Isotonic (270-300mOsm/L) solutions? - correct answer ✔✔ Normal Saline
(NS/0.9% NS)
Lactated Ringers (LR)
, Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) - (becomes hypotonic as dextrose is taken up by cells)
(ISOTONIC= Same osmolarity as body fluid)
List common Hypertonic solutions? - correct answer ✔✔ Parenteral nutrition (TPN)
3%NS
5%NS
Dextrose 10% in water (D10W)
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Normal Saline (D5 0.45% NS)
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% Normal Saline (D5 0.9%NS)
Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers (D5LR)(HYPERTONIC= Higher osmolarity than body fluid)
List common Types of Hypotonic Solutions? - correct answer ✔✔ 0.45% Saline (1/2 NS)
D5W (starts Isotonic -becomes hypotonic as dextrose is taken up by cells
(HYPOTONIC =Lower osmolarity than body fluid)
What does Hypertonic mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Hypertonic: (fluids > 300 mOsm/L)
having a greater concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves across a
semipermeable membrane into a hypertonic solution.
Why are isotonic solutions contraindicated in patients with Congestive Heart Failure, HTN,
Cardiac Disease and the Elderly? - correct answer ✔✔ There is a greater risk of fluid overload
because water does not move into or out of the body's cells with isotonic solutions.
What does Hypotonic mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Hypotonic: (fluids < 270 mOsm/L)
having less concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves across a semipermeable
membrane out of a hypertonic solution into the other solution.
Practice Material
Name 5 common reasons for using Infusion therapy? - correct answer ✔✔ 1. Maintain fluid
balance / correct imbalance
2. Maintain Electrolyte balance / correct imbalance
3. Administer Medications
4. Administer Blood Products
5. Nutrition
Name 4 priority concepts associated with Infusion Therapy - correct answer ✔✔ Fluid
Electrolyte balance
Tissue Integrity
Infection
Perfusion
What healthcare settings deliver infusion therapy? - correct answer ✔✔ Hospitals, clinics, Drs.
Offices, Homecare, Dialysis Centers, Long Term care facilities
IV drugs provide rapid therapeutic effects but can lead to immediate serious reactions known
as: - correct answer ✔✔ ADE. Adverse Drug Events
What does the term VAD mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Vascular Access Device
What are the two categories of VAD? - correct answer ✔✔ PVAD (peripheral vascular) and CVAD
(central venous)
,What are the different kinds of common Peripheral Vascular Access (PVA)devices? - correct
answer ✔✔ 1. Short, over the needle catheter (most common - 72-96 hours max - hand or
forearm)
2. Midline catheter (longer-term IV therapy - veining upper arm, 1-4 wks, no blood draws - no
vesicant drugs)
3. Winged infusion catheter (generally for children)
What are the different kinds of common Central Venous Access (CVA) Catheter types? - correct
answer ✔✔ 1. Non-tunneled Percutaneous CVC ( subclavian vein in upper chest or jugular, short
term, requires x-ray to confirm placement, used in emergency settings)
2. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) (x- ray determines placement, Can be used
longer term, and for contrast injections, CVP monitoring.
3. Tunneled CVC (lies in subcutaneous tunnel, used for long term infusion therapy, cuff of
antibiotics to reduce infection)
4. Implanted port (surgically implanted in upper chest, long term, flushed after each use)
What types of patients veins can NOT be used for Infusion Therapy? - correct answer ✔✔
Mastectomy
Axillary lymph node dissection
Lymphedema
Paralysis of upper extremities
Dialysis graft or fistulas
What does ISOTONIC mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Has the same Solute concentration as that of
blood plasma
List common Isotonic (270-300mOsm/L) solutions? - correct answer ✔✔ Normal Saline
(NS/0.9% NS)
Lactated Ringers (LR)
, Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) - (becomes hypotonic as dextrose is taken up by cells)
(ISOTONIC= Same osmolarity as body fluid)
List common Hypertonic solutions? - correct answer ✔✔ Parenteral nutrition (TPN)
3%NS
5%NS
Dextrose 10% in water (D10W)
Dextrose 5% in 0.45% Normal Saline (D5 0.45% NS)
Dextrose 5% in 0.9% Normal Saline (D5 0.9%NS)
Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringers (D5LR)(HYPERTONIC= Higher osmolarity than body fluid)
List common Types of Hypotonic Solutions? - correct answer ✔✔ 0.45% Saline (1/2 NS)
D5W (starts Isotonic -becomes hypotonic as dextrose is taken up by cells
(HYPOTONIC =Lower osmolarity than body fluid)
What does Hypertonic mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Hypertonic: (fluids > 300 mOsm/L)
having a greater concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves across a
semipermeable membrane into a hypertonic solution.
Why are isotonic solutions contraindicated in patients with Congestive Heart Failure, HTN,
Cardiac Disease and the Elderly? - correct answer ✔✔ There is a greater risk of fluid overload
because water does not move into or out of the body's cells with isotonic solutions.
What does Hypotonic mean? - correct answer ✔✔ Hypotonic: (fluids < 270 mOsm/L)
having less concentration of solute than another solution. Water moves across a semipermeable
membrane out of a hypertonic solution into the other solution.
