Fall 2025 NUR 265 Exam 2 Study Guide Terms & Complete Definitions | 100% Correct - Galen 1 of 8
Respiratory
I. Respiratory Problems
a) Respiratory Distress — definition
b) Respiratory Failure — definition
i. ARDS — definition, refractory hypoxemia( whatever you do, it doesn’t help), edema, infiltrates in lungs,
ground glass appearance on XRAY
• fix: bipap(this extra pressure pushes the gunk off of the alveoli in the lungs), good candidate needing the
IDT the most(this can only be fixed with pressure)
• Normal PaO2 80-100%
II. Respiratory Emergencies that cause Respiratory Problems
a) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT)
• Platelet count below 50K d/t too much heparin ***You can’t have a platelet party, if there’s
not enough platelets***
• S/S: slicing veggies cut finger and won’t stop bleeding, bleeding gums while brushing teeth, petechiae
• Increased risk if on heparin for longer than 7 d/s or women
b) Pleural effusion
• Fluid in pleural cavity(fluid, blood, empyema, any type of fluid)
• S/S: petechiae is axillae
• L lung PE common in pt’s that have acute pancreatitis
• Fremitus(vibration of the chest wall during speaking)—this is normal!
• This will be decreased during PE due to the fluid
c) Pulmonary embolism
• Blockage of the blood vessel that carry blood to the lungs
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, Fall 2025 NUR 265 Exam 2 Notes 2 of 9
• Crackles, extra heart sounds, hypoxemia, plural friction rub
• Patient may feel a sense of impending doom
• Fix: call rapid response
d) Chest trauma
i. Pulmonary contusion- bruised lung
ii. Flail chest
i. 3 or more fractures ribs, occurs in 2+ places, paradoxical breathing(chest retracts during inhalation) ii.
FIX: give humidified O2, +pressure ventilation, suction set up @ bedside iii. Collapsed lungs
1. Pneumothorax— air in the pleural space that puts pressure on the lung that causes it to collapse
• Assess for decrease gas exchange
• Fix: chest tube
i. Tension pneumothorax — typically only on one side
• FIX: needle in pleural space to allow air to escape(needle decompression)
• S/S: Extreme respirat, distress, JVD
2. Hemothorax — blood in the pleural space
III. Interventions
a) Mechanical ventilation modes(pg 614)
• Peak End Expiratory Pressure(PEEP): the amt of pressure required for gas exchange to occur
• Tidal Volume: think of this like an IS, it’s going to inflate the lungs to the preset volume w/ q
inhalation • Peak Inspiratory Pressure(PIP)
• FiO2(room air is 21% O2)- If patient is on 100% FiO2, they’re going to be very critical
• Modes of Ventilation(pg 616 box 26.8)
• AC — machine controls everything
This study source was downloaded by 2204692 from cliffsnotes.com on 03-07-2026 13:53:20 GMT -06:00
https://www.cliffsnotes.com//study-notes/28652715
Respiratory
I. Respiratory Problems
a) Respiratory Distress — definition
b) Respiratory Failure — definition
i. ARDS — definition, refractory hypoxemia( whatever you do, it doesn’t help), edema, infiltrates in lungs,
ground glass appearance on XRAY
• fix: bipap(this extra pressure pushes the gunk off of the alveoli in the lungs), good candidate needing the
IDT the most(this can only be fixed with pressure)
• Normal PaO2 80-100%
II. Respiratory Emergencies that cause Respiratory Problems
a) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia(HIT)
• Platelet count below 50K d/t too much heparin ***You can’t have a platelet party, if there’s
not enough platelets***
• S/S: slicing veggies cut finger and won’t stop bleeding, bleeding gums while brushing teeth, petechiae
• Increased risk if on heparin for longer than 7 d/s or women
b) Pleural effusion
• Fluid in pleural cavity(fluid, blood, empyema, any type of fluid)
• S/S: petechiae is axillae
• L lung PE common in pt’s that have acute pancreatitis
• Fremitus(vibration of the chest wall during speaking)—this is normal!
• This will be decreased during PE due to the fluid
c) Pulmonary embolism
• Blockage of the blood vessel that carry blood to the lungs
This study source was downloaded by 2204692 from cliffsnotes.com on 03-07-2026 13:53:20 GMT -06:00
https://www.cliffsnotes.com//study-notes/28652715
, Fall 2025 NUR 265 Exam 2 Notes 2 of 9
• Crackles, extra heart sounds, hypoxemia, plural friction rub
• Patient may feel a sense of impending doom
• Fix: call rapid response
d) Chest trauma
i. Pulmonary contusion- bruised lung
ii. Flail chest
i. 3 or more fractures ribs, occurs in 2+ places, paradoxical breathing(chest retracts during inhalation) ii.
FIX: give humidified O2, +pressure ventilation, suction set up @ bedside iii. Collapsed lungs
1. Pneumothorax— air in the pleural space that puts pressure on the lung that causes it to collapse
• Assess for decrease gas exchange
• Fix: chest tube
i. Tension pneumothorax — typically only on one side
• FIX: needle in pleural space to allow air to escape(needle decompression)
• S/S: Extreme respirat, distress, JVD
2. Hemothorax — blood in the pleural space
III. Interventions
a) Mechanical ventilation modes(pg 614)
• Peak End Expiratory Pressure(PEEP): the amt of pressure required for gas exchange to occur
• Tidal Volume: think of this like an IS, it’s going to inflate the lungs to the preset volume w/ q
inhalation • Peak Inspiratory Pressure(PIP)
• FiO2(room air is 21% O2)- If patient is on 100% FiO2, they’re going to be very critical
• Modes of Ventilation(pg 616 box 26.8)
• AC — machine controls everything
This study source was downloaded by 2204692 from cliffsnotes.com on 03-07-2026 13:53:20 GMT -06:00
https://www.cliffsnotes.com//study-notes/28652715
