Final Exam: Essentials of Psychology; Essentials of Psychology (SSC130) | Answered Latest 2026 - Penn Foster College.

Final Exam: Essentials of Psychology; Essentials of Psychology (SSC130) | Answered Latest 2026 - Penn Foster College. Final Exam: Essentials of Psychology 1. Coffee, soda, nicotine, and chocolate are considered a. Depressants. b. Drugs. c. Stimulants. d. Hallucinogens. 2. Which of the following perspectives assumes that people’s thoughts and beliefs are central to psychological disorders? a. Humanistic b. Behavioral c. Cognitive d. Medical 3. An element that naturally brings about a particular response is called a. Conditioned response. b. Unconditioned response. c. Unconditioned stimulus. d. Conditioned stimulus. 4. Which type of drug dependence caused people to believe that they need the drug to response to the stresses of daily living? a. Physiological b. Stimulant c. Hallucinogen d. Psychological 5. What’s another word for the sense of taste? a. Taste buds b. Olfaction c. Gustation d. Pheromones 6. When stored memories lose their sharpness and clarity over time, what is the reason for this type of memory loss? a. Decayb. Encoding failure c. State-dependent learning d. Cue-dependent forgetting 7. Lydia has expressed concern about extreme body aches and pains. However, after visiting several doctors there appears to be no medical cause. What psychological disorder is Lydia exhibiting? a. Somatic symptom disorder b. Multiple personality disorder c. Dissociative amnesia d. Major depressive disorder 8. Which study played a central role in the development of the field of psychology? a. Educational b. Social c. Psychophysics d. Clinical 9. Which eating disorder may be affecting someone who overeats 12 times in three months? a. Bulimia b. Obesity c. Anorexia d. Binge eating 10. Individuals who are sexually attracted to people of the same sex and the other sex are considered a. Asexual. b. Bisexual. c. Heterosexual. d. Homosexual. 11. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, which type of parents have strict standards for their children and discourage expressions of disagreement? a. Uninvolved b. Authoritarianc. Permissive d. Authoritative 12. Neurons consist of a cell body, nucleus, and what other structures? a. Dendrites and sheaths b. Dendrites and axons c. Muscles and cells d. Fibers 13. By the age of two, how large is a child’s vocabulary? a. Over 100 words b. Less than 10 words c. 50 words d. 10 words 14. When employees are offered a bonus for good performance, the bonus acts as a a. Condition. b. Need. c. Reinforcer. d. Punishment. 15. Bill has had a deep fear of dogs for many years. To help him get over his fears and anxiety, he’s required to spend time with a dog for hours. What type of treatment is being used? a. Cognitive-behavioral approach b. Aversion therapy c. Flooding d. Systematic desensitization 16. A dog salivating at the sound of its feeder’s steps is an example of a. Classical conditioning. b. Conditioned stimulus. c. Generalization. d. Operant conditioning. 17. Robert has a habit of making small put downs, insults, and daily slights about the woman in his office. What are these comments referred to as?a. Microaggressions b. Frustration c. Jokes d. Aggression 18. Illness anxiety disorder can be described as a somatic symptom disorder a. In which a person displays characteristics (features) of tow or more distinct personalities. b. In which a significant, selective memory loss occurs. c. In which a person has a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health. d. Involving an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to see or hear or to move an arm or leg. 19. Psychologists can only establish cause-and-effect relationships by a. Understanding the source of the variables. b. Performing experiments. c. Knowing the outcome beforehand. d. Hypothesizing based on absolutes. 20. As people age, they generally need a. The most sleep. b. No sleep. c. Less sleep. d. More sleep. 21. Which of the following best summarizes the role of the nervous system? a. It activates the muscles to carry out activities. b. It instructs the brain to carry out movements. c. It’s the pathway for the instructions that permit our bodies to carry out everyday activities. d. It helps people feel mental and physical sensations. 22. The theory that for every major emotion there’s an accompanying physiological reaction of internal organs is known asa. The Cannon-Bard Theory. b. The Schachter-Singer Theory. c. The James-Lange Theory. d. The Internal Organs Theory. 23. Bipolar disorder is the response from alternating a. Mania and anxiety. b. Calmness and stress. c. Depression and happiness. d. Depression and mania. 24. Which types of causes can determine explanations for behavior? a. Situational and dispositional b. Situational and attributes c. Schemas and dispositional d. Schemas and attributes 25. Which part of the peripheral nervous system controls the involuntary movement of the heart, glands, lungs, and other organs? a. Dendrites b. Autonomic c. Somatic d. Axons 26. Psychology is the scientific study of a. Behavior and emotional processes. b. The body and soul. c. The brain and your thoughts. d. Behavior and mental processes. 27. Which hemisphere of the brain concentrates more on tasks that require verbal competence? a. Right b. Left c. Back d. Front 28. John has a hard time being in public because of his fear of strangers. What disorder does he have? a. Somatoform b. Xenophobiac. Claustrophobia d. Obsessive compulsive 29. Which type of chemical message prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will transmit an electrical impulse? a. Excitatory b. Inhibitory c. Dendrite d. Receptor 30. Individuals who can fall asleep suddenly while driving, exercising, or performing any activity have what kind of sleep disorder? a. Narcolepsy b. Sleepwalking c. Insomnia d. Night terror 31. Behavior is influenced by a. Environment. b. Attitude. c. Intentions. d. Society. 32. Individuals with dissociative identity disorder respond to extreme stress and trauma by a. Ignoring the issues. b. Withdrawing from others. c. Escaping into alternate personalities. d. Taking deep breaths. 33. Which compliance technique involves someone making a large request, expecting it to be refused, and following it with a smaller one that’s more likely to be accepted? a. Door-in-the-face technique b. That’s-not-all technique c. Foot-in-the-door techniqued. Not-so-free sample 34. When an individual tries to recall a person’s name, which part of their memory are they searching? a. Automatic b. Explicit c. Flashbulb d. Implicit 35. Which principles were developed in the early 1900s to describe how humans organize bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes? a. Weber’s law b. Gestalt laws of organization c. All-or-none law d. Clinical psychology 36. Which technique asks a person to comply with a small initial request to enhance the likelihood that the person will later comply with a larger request? a. Foot-in-the-door b. That’s not all c. Door-in-the-face d. All or nothing 37. How does a stimulus affect a neuron’s firing rate? a. The stimulus stops a neuron’s firing rate. b. The stimulus carries the neuron’s fire. c. The temperature of a stimulus determines how much of a neuron’s potential firing rate is reached. d. The stimulus’s intensity determines how much of a neuron’s potential firing rate is reached. 38. Drugs that alter perceptions, thoughts, and feelings such as marijuana, LSD, and ecstasy are called a. Narcotics. b. Hallucinogens. c. Depressants. d. Stimulants.39. Mary is involved in a car accident that causes her to feel shaken up and stressed. Which division of her nervous system acts to calm her body afterward? a. Autonomic division b. Somatic division c. Parasympathetic division d. Sympathetic division 40. How long is information held in short-term memory? a. 2 minutes b. 60 seconds c. 1 hour d. 15 to 25 seconds 41. Which psychotherapeutic approach is considered the lease scientifically and theoretically developed? a. Humanistic b. Sociocultural c. Behavioral d. Cognitive 42. Which of the following types of neurons communicates information from the nervous system to muscles and glands? a. Peripheral b. Motor c. Sensory d. Interneurons 43. A person learns to control internal physiological processes such as blood pressure, heart and respiration rate, skin temperature, sweating, and constricting certain muscles during a. Surgery. b. Neuroplasticity. c. Reflexology. d. Biofeedback.44. “Do unto others as they will do unto you” is an example of which compliance technique? a. Not-so-free sample b. That’s-not-all technique c. Foot-in-the-door technique d. Door-in-the-face technique 45. Which psychologist was interested in specifying how behavior varies because of alterations in the environment? a. Sigmund Freud b. B.F. Skinner c. Jean Piaget d. John Locke 46. Homelessness and poor economic status are linked to high levels of psychological disorders. Which perspective explains this association? a. Behavioral b. Sociocultural c. Humanistic d. Cognitive 47. What percentage of men are color blind? a. 7 b. 25 c. 1 d. 42 48. When it comes to facial expressions, every emotion is related to a set of a. Muscular movements. b. Thoughts. c. Senses. d. Feelings. 49. What percentage of children experience significant emotional or behavioral disorders?a. 20 b. 10 c. 40 d. 65 50. Which part of the cortex is largely responsible for the body’s voluntary movement? a. Sensory area b. Physical areas c. Motor area d. Association areas