NURS 2040 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
Kidney function lab values Ans✓✓✓-Potassium: 3.5-5.2
-BUN: 6 - 24
- Creatinine: 0.7 - 1.3
-GFR: >60
*if lower then 60 dialysis is a treatment option dependent on the stages.
renal terms Ans✓✓✓-Oliguria: small amounts of urine 100-400 per 24
hrs. common complications for AKI
-Polyuria: excessive amounts of urine 2000 or more per 24 hours
-anuria: No urine at all
-azotemia: elevation of nitrogenous (BUN), creatnine and other
secondary waste products within the body.
-Uremia: elevated level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste
products.
*uremic breath/uremic frost comes through the skin.
Kidney dysfunction Ans✓✓✓Acute: if able to find the underlying cause
able to reverse effects.
Chronic: no identifiable underlying cause non-reversible and progressive
first three stages patient will be asymptomatic.
*in early stages of AKI creatnine levels will elevate and GFRs will drop.
*metformin must be stopped 24hrs prior to MRI
,Pre-renal AKI Ans✓✓✓-common with cardiac
patients/dehydration/clots
Intra-renal AKI Ans✓✓✓-infection, nephrotoxic drugs, contrast dyes,
NSAID, gentamayacin (all myacin drugs)
-Any drugs that can crystalize.
Post renal aki Ans✓✓✓-stones, BPH, bladder cancer, urethral stenosis,
-issues causing urine to be pushed back into the kidneys.
Oliguric phase of AKI Ans✓✓✓-hypervolemia and fluid depletion is
most common cause.
-Electrolyte levels will climb, htn, bounding pulse, general edema,
pericardial and plural effusions
-Loop diuretics to try to ween off fluid up to 160mg/day
-Central line and dialysize them if loop diuretics dont work
*pay attention to K+ levels as potassium climbs at risk for metabolic
acidosis
-Kayexelate used to deplete potassium.
*pay attention for neuro changes.
Diuretic phase of AKI Ans✓✓✓-Kidneys start to heal but regulatory
function is still abnormal and kidneys dump all fluid out of body
,-hang NS and electrolytes to mitigate fluid loss
-BUN and creatnine levels will start to come back to normal.
*hypovolemia and hypotension
recovery phase of AKI Ans✓✓✓Injury repaired and normal renal
function reestablished
Diuresis common
Decline in serum creatinine and urea
Increase in creatinine clearance
risk factors of AKI Ans✓✓✓-HTN
-Diabetes
-Heart disease
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Family hx of kidney disease
Clinical manifestations of AKI Ans✓✓✓-changes in LOC
-Heart dysrhythmias
-Respiratory and pulmonary edema
-GI tract has issues due to dehydration paralytic illeus
-uremia often excretes through the skin
-muscle become weak and mimics osteoporosis.
, stages of CKD Ans✓✓✓Stage 1 Diminished Renal Reserve
*usually not identifiable.
Stage2 Renal Insufficiency
Stage 3 a&b Kidney Failure
Stage 4 Kidney Failure
Stage 5 End Stage Renal Disease
GFR Ans✓✓✓0-15: kidney failure
15-60: kidney disease
60-120: normal
CKD symptoms Ans✓✓✓-leading causes of death for CKD is
cardiovascular HTN, CAD, MI.
-Fluid volume overload
-Acidosis/kushmal breathing/SOB/edema
-anemic decreased RBC, GI bleeds, (erythropoetin commonly used to
battle anemia)
-N/V if dialysis is not done every other day
-mineral and bone disorders occur, vitamin D is diminished.
-Atrophy of nerve fibers, fatigue, altered mental status.
CKD drug therapy Ans✓✓✓-Hypocalcemic
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
Kidney function lab values Ans✓✓✓-Potassium: 3.5-5.2
-BUN: 6 - 24
- Creatinine: 0.7 - 1.3
-GFR: >60
*if lower then 60 dialysis is a treatment option dependent on the stages.
renal terms Ans✓✓✓-Oliguria: small amounts of urine 100-400 per 24
hrs. common complications for AKI
-Polyuria: excessive amounts of urine 2000 or more per 24 hours
-anuria: No urine at all
-azotemia: elevation of nitrogenous (BUN), creatnine and other
secondary waste products within the body.
-Uremia: elevated level in the blood of urea and other nitrogenous waste
products.
*uremic breath/uremic frost comes through the skin.
Kidney dysfunction Ans✓✓✓Acute: if able to find the underlying cause
able to reverse effects.
Chronic: no identifiable underlying cause non-reversible and progressive
first three stages patient will be asymptomatic.
*in early stages of AKI creatnine levels will elevate and GFRs will drop.
*metformin must be stopped 24hrs prior to MRI
,Pre-renal AKI Ans✓✓✓-common with cardiac
patients/dehydration/clots
Intra-renal AKI Ans✓✓✓-infection, nephrotoxic drugs, contrast dyes,
NSAID, gentamayacin (all myacin drugs)
-Any drugs that can crystalize.
Post renal aki Ans✓✓✓-stones, BPH, bladder cancer, urethral stenosis,
-issues causing urine to be pushed back into the kidneys.
Oliguric phase of AKI Ans✓✓✓-hypervolemia and fluid depletion is
most common cause.
-Electrolyte levels will climb, htn, bounding pulse, general edema,
pericardial and plural effusions
-Loop diuretics to try to ween off fluid up to 160mg/day
-Central line and dialysize them if loop diuretics dont work
*pay attention to K+ levels as potassium climbs at risk for metabolic
acidosis
-Kayexelate used to deplete potassium.
*pay attention for neuro changes.
Diuretic phase of AKI Ans✓✓✓-Kidneys start to heal but regulatory
function is still abnormal and kidneys dump all fluid out of body
,-hang NS and electrolytes to mitigate fluid loss
-BUN and creatnine levels will start to come back to normal.
*hypovolemia and hypotension
recovery phase of AKI Ans✓✓✓Injury repaired and normal renal
function reestablished
Diuresis common
Decline in serum creatinine and urea
Increase in creatinine clearance
risk factors of AKI Ans✓✓✓-HTN
-Diabetes
-Heart disease
-Obesity
-Smoking
-Family hx of kidney disease
Clinical manifestations of AKI Ans✓✓✓-changes in LOC
-Heart dysrhythmias
-Respiratory and pulmonary edema
-GI tract has issues due to dehydration paralytic illeus
-uremia often excretes through the skin
-muscle become weak and mimics osteoporosis.
, stages of CKD Ans✓✓✓Stage 1 Diminished Renal Reserve
*usually not identifiable.
Stage2 Renal Insufficiency
Stage 3 a&b Kidney Failure
Stage 4 Kidney Failure
Stage 5 End Stage Renal Disease
GFR Ans✓✓✓0-15: kidney failure
15-60: kidney disease
60-120: normal
CKD symptoms Ans✓✓✓-leading causes of death for CKD is
cardiovascular HTN, CAD, MI.
-Fluid volume overload
-Acidosis/kushmal breathing/SOB/edema
-anemic decreased RBC, GI bleeds, (erythropoetin commonly used to
battle anemia)
-N/V if dialysis is not done every other day
-mineral and bone disorders occur, vitamin D is diminished.
-Atrophy of nerve fibers, fatigue, altered mental status.
CKD drug therapy Ans✓✓✓-Hypocalcemic
