PCB 4233 EXAM 1 QUESTONS AND ANSWERS
Fill in the Blank (picture of APC + T cell) - Answers -[a] APC
[b] T cell
[c] MHC
[d] TCR
[e] peptide
[f] antigenic peptide
[g] variable region
[h] constant region
[i,j] CDRs
For panels a and b in Figure below, identify the most likely component(s) of the immune
response (which branch of the immune system) indicated by the red arrow:
*both pictures are graphs with 1 difference in x-axis
[*aa*] x = time (days)
[*bb*] x = time (weeks) - Answers -[*aa*] innate
[*bb*] adaptive
Complement activation leads to
- production of cytokines: fragments [*cc*] and C3a lead to local
inflammation
- opsonization: [*dd*] is deposited to the surface of the pathogen
- formation of the [*ee*]: pore formation in the membrane of the pathogen - Answers -
[*cc*] C5a
[*dd*] C3b
[*ee*] MAC
Acute phase proteins are proteins rapidly produced by the liver during infection,
including [*ff*] and mannose-binding lectin for example. - Answers -[*ff*] CCRPs
Once an NK cell identifies a target cell, it will kill by:
- Granule-dependent killing involving [*gg*] and granzymes
- [*hh*]-dependent killing following binding of Fas-L/Fas receptor - Answers -[*gg*]
perforin
[*hh*] death receptor/ligand
[*ii*] is displaced from MHC class II molecule in endosomal compartments by the protein
HLA-DM. - Answers -[*ii*] CLIP
In B cells, a very large repertoire of receptors is generated by different mechanisms:
Primary gene rearrangements:
- [*jj*]: Random V, D, and J segments are brought together
- Junctional diversity: additional diversity provided by the enzyme [*kk*] and
nuclease(s) - Answers -[*jj*] BCR
, [*kk*] Tdt
Cell membrane-destined polypeptides are translocated to the lumen of the endoplasmic
reticulum, which is intriguing because the MHC class [*ll*] associated peptides are
generated in the cytosol by [*mm*]. Further research revealed that the presentation of
the cytosolic peptides is possible due to a family of ABC transporters, [*nn*], that
mediate the ATP-dependent transport of peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic
reticulum. This transporter complex has limited specificities for the transported peptides;
for example, peptides are generally [*oo*] amino acids in length and transport is biased
in favor of hydrophobic residues at the carboxyl terminus. ([*oo*] describes the length of
the peptides) - Answers -[*ll*] 1
[*mm*] proteasome
[*nn*] TAP
[*oo*] 8-10
Toll-like receptor are membrane-bound pattern recognition receptors. TLR4 is found on
the plasma membrane. It recognizes the bacterial wall component [*pp*] and induces
signal transduction via adapter protein MyD88. Eventually, TLR4 activation leads to the
activation of the transcription factor [*qq*]. - Answers -[*pp*] LPS
[*qq*] NFkB
cGAS-STING sense the presence of [*rr*] in the cytosol, leading to the production of
[*ss*] (a cytokine); while RIG-I like receptors detect [*tt*] of viral origins. - Answers -
[*rr*] dsDNA
[*ss*] type 1 IF
[*tt*] RNA
In patients with lymphomas, the cancer cells invade the bone marrow and destroy the
environment required for normal hematopoiesis. This leads to bone marrow failure,
which disrupts the production of hematopoietic cell lineages. All of the following cell
types would be affected by this EXCEPT:
A. Macrophages
B. T cells
C. NK cells
D. Muscle cells
E. Dendritic cells - Answers -*D. Muscle cells*
How many complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) contribute to antigen biding in
a Fab fragment of immunoglobulin?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
E. 12 - Answers -*D. 6*
Fill in the Blank (picture of APC + T cell) - Answers -[a] APC
[b] T cell
[c] MHC
[d] TCR
[e] peptide
[f] antigenic peptide
[g] variable region
[h] constant region
[i,j] CDRs
For panels a and b in Figure below, identify the most likely component(s) of the immune
response (which branch of the immune system) indicated by the red arrow:
*both pictures are graphs with 1 difference in x-axis
[*aa*] x = time (days)
[*bb*] x = time (weeks) - Answers -[*aa*] innate
[*bb*] adaptive
Complement activation leads to
- production of cytokines: fragments [*cc*] and C3a lead to local
inflammation
- opsonization: [*dd*] is deposited to the surface of the pathogen
- formation of the [*ee*]: pore formation in the membrane of the pathogen - Answers -
[*cc*] C5a
[*dd*] C3b
[*ee*] MAC
Acute phase proteins are proteins rapidly produced by the liver during infection,
including [*ff*] and mannose-binding lectin for example. - Answers -[*ff*] CCRPs
Once an NK cell identifies a target cell, it will kill by:
- Granule-dependent killing involving [*gg*] and granzymes
- [*hh*]-dependent killing following binding of Fas-L/Fas receptor - Answers -[*gg*]
perforin
[*hh*] death receptor/ligand
[*ii*] is displaced from MHC class II molecule in endosomal compartments by the protein
HLA-DM. - Answers -[*ii*] CLIP
In B cells, a very large repertoire of receptors is generated by different mechanisms:
Primary gene rearrangements:
- [*jj*]: Random V, D, and J segments are brought together
- Junctional diversity: additional diversity provided by the enzyme [*kk*] and
nuclease(s) - Answers -[*jj*] BCR
, [*kk*] Tdt
Cell membrane-destined polypeptides are translocated to the lumen of the endoplasmic
reticulum, which is intriguing because the MHC class [*ll*] associated peptides are
generated in the cytosol by [*mm*]. Further research revealed that the presentation of
the cytosolic peptides is possible due to a family of ABC transporters, [*nn*], that
mediate the ATP-dependent transport of peptides into the lumen of the endoplasmic
reticulum. This transporter complex has limited specificities for the transported peptides;
for example, peptides are generally [*oo*] amino acids in length and transport is biased
in favor of hydrophobic residues at the carboxyl terminus. ([*oo*] describes the length of
the peptides) - Answers -[*ll*] 1
[*mm*] proteasome
[*nn*] TAP
[*oo*] 8-10
Toll-like receptor are membrane-bound pattern recognition receptors. TLR4 is found on
the plasma membrane. It recognizes the bacterial wall component [*pp*] and induces
signal transduction via adapter protein MyD88. Eventually, TLR4 activation leads to the
activation of the transcription factor [*qq*]. - Answers -[*pp*] LPS
[*qq*] NFkB
cGAS-STING sense the presence of [*rr*] in the cytosol, leading to the production of
[*ss*] (a cytokine); while RIG-I like receptors detect [*tt*] of viral origins. - Answers -
[*rr*] dsDNA
[*ss*] type 1 IF
[*tt*] RNA
In patients with lymphomas, the cancer cells invade the bone marrow and destroy the
environment required for normal hematopoiesis. This leads to bone marrow failure,
which disrupts the production of hematopoietic cell lineages. All of the following cell
types would be affected by this EXCEPT:
A. Macrophages
B. T cells
C. NK cells
D. Muscle cells
E. Dendritic cells - Answers -*D. Muscle cells*
How many complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) contribute to antigen biding in
a Fab fragment of immunoglobulin?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
E. 12 - Answers -*D. 6*
