BIOL 251: HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY I
MODULE 3 EXAMINATION
Cell Structure and Tissues
Course: BIOL 251 - Human Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab
Module: 3 - Cell Structure, Function, and Tissues
Term: 2025
Exam Type: Formative Assessment
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
• Total Questions: 40
• Time Limit: 75 minutes (approximately 1.9 minutes per question)
• Passing Score: 98% (28 out of 40 questions)
• Format: Multiple-choice questions with single best answer
• All questions are worth equal points
• You may use any provided diagrams or reference materials specified by your instructor
• Select the BEST answer for each question
• Mark your answer on the answer sheet provided
MODULE 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify and describe the structural components of a typical animal cell
2. Explain the functions of major cellular organelles
3. Describe the plasma membrane structure and explain its selective permeability
4. Understand and apply principles of passive and active transport mechanisms
5. Classify tissues and describe the structure and function of each tissue type
6. Identify epithelial tissues based on cellular morphology and arrangement
7. Distinguish between connective tissue types and their functions
8. Describe muscle tissue types and their unique properties
9. Explain nervous tissue composition and basic function
10. Apply knowledge of cells and tissues to organ system organization
, EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Answer all 40 questions. Select the single BEST answer for each question.
Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?
• A) Phospholipids
• B) Proteins
• C) Cholesterol
• D) Nucleic acids
CORRECT ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION: The plasma membrane is composed primarily of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded
and peripheral proteins, cholesterol molecules, and carbohydrate chains. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, NOT as structural components of the plasma membrane. This
tests students' understanding of cell membrane composition.
Question 2: Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration?
• A) Ribosome
• B) Golgi apparatus
• C) Mitochondrion
• D) Endoplasmic reticulum
CORRECT ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
through aerobic respiration. The process occurs in the cristae (folds) of the inner mitochondrial
membrane where electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation occur. Ribosomes synthesize
proteins, the Golgi modifies and packages proteins, and the ER synthesizes proteins and lipids.
Question 3: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum in that
smooth ER:
• A) Is involved in protein synthesis
• B) Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
• C) Contains ribosomes on its outer surface
• D) Is found only in plant cells
CORRECT ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is specialized for lipid
synthesis, steroid hormone production, and detoxification of drugs and toxins. Rough ER has ribosomes
attached to its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes proteins for export or membrane insertion. This
distinction is important for understanding cellular specialization.
Question 4: Which process describes the movement of water molecules across a selectively
permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential?
MODULE 3 EXAMINATION
Cell Structure and Tissues
Course: BIOL 251 - Human Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab
Module: 3 - Cell Structure, Function, and Tissues
Term: 2025
Exam Type: Formative Assessment
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
• Total Questions: 40
• Time Limit: 75 minutes (approximately 1.9 minutes per question)
• Passing Score: 98% (28 out of 40 questions)
• Format: Multiple-choice questions with single best answer
• All questions are worth equal points
• You may use any provided diagrams or reference materials specified by your instructor
• Select the BEST answer for each question
• Mark your answer on the answer sheet provided
MODULE 3 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Identify and describe the structural components of a typical animal cell
2. Explain the functions of major cellular organelles
3. Describe the plasma membrane structure and explain its selective permeability
4. Understand and apply principles of passive and active transport mechanisms
5. Classify tissues and describe the structure and function of each tissue type
6. Identify epithelial tissues based on cellular morphology and arrangement
7. Distinguish between connective tissue types and their functions
8. Describe muscle tissue types and their unique properties
9. Explain nervous tissue composition and basic function
10. Apply knowledge of cells and tissues to organ system organization
, EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
Answer all 40 questions. Select the single BEST answer for each question.
Question 1: Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?
• A) Phospholipids
• B) Proteins
• C) Cholesterol
• D) Nucleic acids
CORRECT ANSWER: D
EXPLANATION: The plasma membrane is composed primarily of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded
and peripheral proteins, cholesterol molecules, and carbohydrate chains. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, NOT as structural components of the plasma membrane. This
tests students' understanding of cell membrane composition.
Question 2: Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through cellular respiration?
• A) Ribosome
• B) Golgi apparatus
• C) Mitochondrion
• D) Endoplasmic reticulum
CORRECT ANSWER: C
EXPLANATION: Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
through aerobic respiration. The process occurs in the cristae (folds) of the inner mitochondrial
membrane where electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation occur. Ribosomes synthesize
proteins, the Golgi modifies and packages proteins, and the ER synthesizes proteins and lipids.
Question 3: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum in that
smooth ER:
• A) Is involved in protein synthesis
• B) Lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification
• C) Contains ribosomes on its outer surface
• D) Is found only in plant cells
CORRECT ANSWER: B
EXPLANATION: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and is specialized for lipid
synthesis, steroid hormone production, and detoxification of drugs and toxins. Rough ER has ribosomes
attached to its cytoplasmic surface and synthesizes proteins for export or membrane insertion. This
distinction is important for understanding cellular specialization.
Question 4: Which process describes the movement of water molecules across a selectively
permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to low water potential?
