BIOS252 EXAM 2 ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY III PRACTICE SOLUTION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
◉ What is arteriosclerosis. Answer: results from a loss of elasticity
in the aorta, large arteries, and coronary arteries
◉ What is vasomotor tone. Answer: a state of partial contraction of
blood vessels. Vasoconstriction increases vasomotor tone and
peripheral resistance, whereas vasodilation decreases vasomotor
tone and peripheral resistance
◉ What is pulse pressure and Vascular compliance. Answer: -Pulse
pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.
Pulse pressure increases when stroke volume increases or vascular
compliance decreases
-Vascular compliance is a measure of the change in volume of blood
vessels produced by a change in pressure
-Pulse pressure waves travel through the vascular system faster than
the blood flows. Pulse pressure can be used to take the pulse
◉ How does gravity affect blood pressure?. Answer: In a standing
person, hydrostatic pressure caused by gravity
•Increases blood pressure below the heart
, •Decreases pressure above the heart
◉ How is blood flow controlled?. Answer: Local Control
-The response of vascular smooth muscle to changes in tissue gases,
nutrients, and waste products
-If the metabolic activity of a tissue increases, the diameter and
number of capillaries in the tissue increase over time.
Nervous and Hormonal Control
-The sympathetic nervous system (vasomotor center in the medulla)
controls blood vessel diameter. Other brain areas can excite or
inhibit the vasomotor center
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine cause vasoconstriction in most
tissues. Epinephrine causes vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac
muscle
-The muscular arteries and arterioles control the delivery of blood to
tissues
-The veins are a reservoir for blood
-Venous return to the heart increases because of the
vasoconstriction of veins, an increased blood volume, and the
skeletal muscle pump (with valves)
◉ Describe short term regulation of blood pressure. Answer:
Baroreceptor reflex control of blood pressure
-baroreceptor in the carotid sinus and aortic arch monitor blood
pressure
PHYSIOLOGY III PRACTICE SOLUTION 2026
QUESTIONS WITH FULL SOLUTION
◉ What is arteriosclerosis. Answer: results from a loss of elasticity
in the aorta, large arteries, and coronary arteries
◉ What is vasomotor tone. Answer: a state of partial contraction of
blood vessels. Vasoconstriction increases vasomotor tone and
peripheral resistance, whereas vasodilation decreases vasomotor
tone and peripheral resistance
◉ What is pulse pressure and Vascular compliance. Answer: -Pulse
pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressures.
Pulse pressure increases when stroke volume increases or vascular
compliance decreases
-Vascular compliance is a measure of the change in volume of blood
vessels produced by a change in pressure
-Pulse pressure waves travel through the vascular system faster than
the blood flows. Pulse pressure can be used to take the pulse
◉ How does gravity affect blood pressure?. Answer: In a standing
person, hydrostatic pressure caused by gravity
•Increases blood pressure below the heart
, •Decreases pressure above the heart
◉ How is blood flow controlled?. Answer: Local Control
-The response of vascular smooth muscle to changes in tissue gases,
nutrients, and waste products
-If the metabolic activity of a tissue increases, the diameter and
number of capillaries in the tissue increase over time.
Nervous and Hormonal Control
-The sympathetic nervous system (vasomotor center in the medulla)
controls blood vessel diameter. Other brain areas can excite or
inhibit the vasomotor center
-Epinephrine and norepinephrine cause vasoconstriction in most
tissues. Epinephrine causes vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac
muscle
-The muscular arteries and arterioles control the delivery of blood to
tissues
-The veins are a reservoir for blood
-Venous return to the heart increases because of the
vasoconstriction of veins, an increased blood volume, and the
skeletal muscle pump (with valves)
◉ Describe short term regulation of blood pressure. Answer:
Baroreceptor reflex control of blood pressure
-baroreceptor in the carotid sinus and aortic arch monitor blood
pressure
