BIOS 256 FINAL EXAM STUDY Q AND A
COMPREHENSIVE ATI CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO
PASS
◉ What are female gametes? Answer: Secondary oocytes
◉ Embryonic period? Answer: From fertilization through the eighth
week of development
◉ Fetal period? Answer: Begins at week 9 and continues on until
birth
◉ Describe the first trimester? Answer: The first trimester is from
conception to 13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health
due to the extensive oran-system development, and baby is most
vulnerable to teratogens.
◉ Describe the second trimester? Answer: 14 weeks to 27 weeks.
Baby begins to develop human like features
,◉ Describe the third trimester? Answer: 28 weeks to 40 weeks.
Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight.
◉ Cleavage of zygote Answer: Mitotic division after fertilization
Day 1: two-cell stage
Day 2: four-cell stage
Day 3: eight-cell stage
Day 4: morula
Day 5: blastocyst
Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall
FIGURE 29.5
◉ What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus?
Answer: Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes)
Decreased blood volume
Decreased blood pressure
Dry mouth
◉ What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys?
Answer: Stimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin
II formation, leading to increased thirst, increased water intake, and
increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure
, ◉ What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine?
Answer: Na+ and Cl-
◉ ADH function Answer: ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by
inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which
increases the permeability to water and allows for more water to be
reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume,
increasing blood pressure
◉ What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption
and urine regulation? Answer: Aldosterone and ANP
◉ When is RAAS activated? Answer: Decreased blood pressure or
Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release
which activates the RAAS system. This increases Na+ reabsorption
and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting ducts
◉ Functions of ANP Answer: ANP responds to increased blood
volume and increased stretch of atria of the heart, promoting
natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into urine). Where sodium
goes, water follows, therefore there is also a loss of water, and a
decrease in blood volume.
◉ What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? Answer:
Na+ and Cl-
COMPREHENSIVE ATI CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GUARANTEED TO
PASS
◉ What are female gametes? Answer: Secondary oocytes
◉ Embryonic period? Answer: From fertilization through the eighth
week of development
◉ Fetal period? Answer: Begins at week 9 and continues on until
birth
◉ Describe the first trimester? Answer: The first trimester is from
conception to 13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health
due to the extensive oran-system development, and baby is most
vulnerable to teratogens.
◉ Describe the second trimester? Answer: 14 weeks to 27 weeks.
Baby begins to develop human like features
,◉ Describe the third trimester? Answer: 28 weeks to 40 weeks.
Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight.
◉ Cleavage of zygote Answer: Mitotic division after fertilization
Day 1: two-cell stage
Day 2: four-cell stage
Day 3: eight-cell stage
Day 4: morula
Day 5: blastocyst
Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall
FIGURE 29.5
◉ What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus?
Answer: Increased blood osmolarity(more solutes)
Decreased blood volume
Decreased blood pressure
Dry mouth
◉ What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys?
Answer: Stimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin
II formation, leading to increased thirst, increased water intake, and
increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure
, ◉ What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine?
Answer: Na+ and Cl-
◉ ADH function Answer: ADH responds to increased osmolarity, by
inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which
increases the permeability to water and allows for more water to be
reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume,
increasing blood pressure
◉ What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption
and urine regulation? Answer: Aldosterone and ANP
◉ When is RAAS activated? Answer: Decreased blood pressure or
Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release
which activates the RAAS system. This increases Na+ reabsorption
and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting ducts
◉ Functions of ANP Answer: ANP responds to increased blood
volume and increased stretch of atria of the heart, promoting
natriuresis (elevated excretion of Na+ into urine). Where sodium
goes, water follows, therefore there is also a loss of water, and a
decrease in blood volume.
◉ What are the most abundant cation and anion of ECF? Answer:
Na+ and Cl-
