Comprehensive Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) – Chronic CNS Demyelination, Relapsing-Remitting, Progressive, Fatigue, Spastic/Flaccid Bladder, Visual Disturbances, Memory and Emotional Dysfunction, Neuropathic Pain,

Comprehensive Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) – Chronic CNS Demyelination, Relapsing-Remitting, Progressive, Fatigue, Spastic/Flaccid Bladder, Visual Disturbances, Memory and Emotional Dysfunction, Neuropathic Pain, Pregnancy Effects, Exercise for Atrophy Prevention, Disease-Modifying Therapies (Betaseron, Copaxone, Avonex), Steroids, Muscle Relaxants, Ampyra; Parkinson’s Disease (PD) – Bradykinesia, Tremor at Rest, Rigidity, Masked Face, Cogwheel Rigidity, Lewy Bodies, Dopamine Deficiency, Increased Acetylcholine, Pull Test, Gait Disturbances, Dysphagia, Depression, Sleep Disorders, Medications (Carbidopa/Levodopa, Parlodel), Safety and Nutritional Education, Freeze-Step Techniques; Myasthenia Gravis (MG) – Autoimmune Neuromuscular Junction Disorder, Fluctuating Skeletal Muscle Weakness, Ptosis, Dysphagia, Myasthenic Crisis, Cholinergic Crisis, Tensilon Test, Thymectomy, Anticholinesterase Therapy Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Answers Latest Updated 2026 fatigue Main symptom of Multiple sclerosis MS S/S of what disease: weakness, visual problems, spastic or flaccid bladder, memory, emotional, sexual dysfunction, neuropathic pain, overwhelming fatigue MS patho: chronic inflammation, demyelination, scarring exacerbations/remissions or progressive MS triggers: extreme hot or cold, stress, trauma, infection, vaccinations MS symptoms improve with pregnancy and worsen postpartum. atrophy exercise should be done to prevent muscle ________________ MS patient teachings: avoid fatigue, extreme temps, and exposure to infection, avoid triggers, exercise, stay on meds, self-cath may be necessary. high fiber diet to prevent constipation. MS chronic, progressive, autoimmune, degenerative disorder of the CNS characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. usually 20-50 yo. relapsing remitting MS that has clearly defined relapses with full recovery or sequelae and residual deficit on recovery. The patient will experience absence of active disease manifestations. MS Meds to treat _______: Betaseron, copaxone, avonex, muscle relaxants, antispasmodics, ampyra (improves nerve conduction), steroids PD gradual onset, chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movements, increased muscle tone, tremor at rest and gait disturbance. progressive, slow onset. NO exacerbations. PD Triad: tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia. diagnosis is based on hx and 2/3 symptoms present. PD decrease of dopamine; increase of ACH PD Lewy bodies (protein clumps) in the brain PD Tremor at rest(pill rolling). Cogwheel rigidity (catches in the movement) No involuntary movements: blinking, swinging arms, swallowing but instead have a Mask: flat affect, drooling, shuffing. pull test may be performed. PD S/S: swallowing problems, depression, sleep disorders, falls, drooling, slow movement, stooped posture, masked face, dementia, propulsive gait.