NURS 8024 PHARM EXAM 3
ANTIMICROBIAL PART 2 CERTIFICATION
PAPER 2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Parkinson's disease. Answer: Neuro degenerative disease
Destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia negra (black
substance)
Causes a progressive reduction in dopamine action in the basal ganglia
leading to motor control function
⩥ Parkinsonian pharmacology goal. Answer: To restore dopamine in the
basal ganglia & antagonizing the excitatory effect of acetylcholine at the
muscarinic receptors
Reinstates balance of dopamine/acetylcholine
Does not stop or reverse neuronal degeneration
⩥ Glutamate Antagonist (Amantadine). Answer: Enhances dopaminergic
neurotransmission & muscarinic blocking
Used for minor symptoms
,Caution in patients with seizures & CHF
⩥ Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents. Answer: Decreases the
excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons on cells in the striatum by
blocking muscarinic receptors
Improves tremor & rigidity but not bradykinesia
⩥ Benxtropine (Cogentin). Answer: Antimuscarinic
Can cause narrow angle glaucoma
Caution in elderly, BPH, urinary retention, liver, renal or GI disease
⩥ Dopamine Receptor Agonists. Answer: Pramipexole (mirapex) &
ropinerole (requip)
Treatment for mild Parkinson's
Used in restless leg syndrome
Use in combo with levadopa
, ⩥ Monamine Oxidase B Inhibitors (MAO-B). Answer: Selegiline
(eldepryl) & rasagiline (azilect)
Used in early disease & as adjunct RX with levadopa
Do not combine with fluoxetine or meperidine due to additive effects
⩥ Dopamine Precursors. Answer: Levadopa & carbidopa (sinemet)
Enhances synthesis of dopamine in surviving neurons of the substantia
nigra conversion of levodopa to dopamine
Overtime the number of available neurons decreases so drug does not
work forever
Works to decrease symptoms only while drug is present in the body
⩥ Levodopa. Answer: Attempts to replace dopamine
Crosses BBB
short half life- "on off phenomenon" due to unstable levels
Taken on empty stomach
ANTIMICROBIAL PART 2 CERTIFICATION
PAPER 2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Parkinson's disease. Answer: Neuro degenerative disease
Destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia negra (black
substance)
Causes a progressive reduction in dopamine action in the basal ganglia
leading to motor control function
⩥ Parkinsonian pharmacology goal. Answer: To restore dopamine in the
basal ganglia & antagonizing the excitatory effect of acetylcholine at the
muscarinic receptors
Reinstates balance of dopamine/acetylcholine
Does not stop or reverse neuronal degeneration
⩥ Glutamate Antagonist (Amantadine). Answer: Enhances dopaminergic
neurotransmission & muscarinic blocking
Used for minor symptoms
,Caution in patients with seizures & CHF
⩥ Anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents. Answer: Decreases the
excitatory actions of cholinergic neurons on cells in the striatum by
blocking muscarinic receptors
Improves tremor & rigidity but not bradykinesia
⩥ Benxtropine (Cogentin). Answer: Antimuscarinic
Can cause narrow angle glaucoma
Caution in elderly, BPH, urinary retention, liver, renal or GI disease
⩥ Dopamine Receptor Agonists. Answer: Pramipexole (mirapex) &
ropinerole (requip)
Treatment for mild Parkinson's
Used in restless leg syndrome
Use in combo with levadopa
, ⩥ Monamine Oxidase B Inhibitors (MAO-B). Answer: Selegiline
(eldepryl) & rasagiline (azilect)
Used in early disease & as adjunct RX with levadopa
Do not combine with fluoxetine or meperidine due to additive effects
⩥ Dopamine Precursors. Answer: Levadopa & carbidopa (sinemet)
Enhances synthesis of dopamine in surviving neurons of the substantia
nigra conversion of levodopa to dopamine
Overtime the number of available neurons decreases so drug does not
work forever
Works to decrease symptoms only while drug is present in the body
⩥ Levodopa. Answer: Attempts to replace dopamine
Crosses BBB
short half life- "on off phenomenon" due to unstable levels
Taken on empty stomach
