PNH301 weeks 1-3 Test Questions with Correct
Solutions
Non-modifiable risk factors
- age
- gender
-ethnicity
- family hisotry
Modifiable Risk Factors
- diet
- smoking
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
- excessive alcohol
- stress
Risk Factors for Stroke
- hypertension
-heart disease
-transient ischemic attaks
- sickle cell disease
- diabetes
- hyperlipidemia
,- previous stroke
- hypercoagulability
Hypertension (Risk of Stroke)
the higher the BP the higher the risk
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) (Risk of Stroke)
stasis of blood in the left atrium leading to thrombus formation
Sickle Cell Disease (Risk of Stroke)
higher risk of clotting
Hyperlipidemia (Risk of Stroke)
increased total cholesterol is an increased risk
How do you assess for stroke?
- neurological assessment
- glasgow coma scale
- stroke scale
Glasgow Coma Scale
eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts
13-15 minor
,9-12 moderate
3-8 severe
Stroke Scale
Looks at LOC, orientation, speech and motor function
FAST (Stroke Scale)
Face (drooping)
Arms (weakness)
Speech (difficulties)
Time (within 5 mins)
Motor (Manifestation of Stroke)
Akinesia
Akinesia
inability to initiate movement
Communication (Manifestations Stroke)
aphasia
dysphasia
Aphasia
- Loss of speech
-impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area
(impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
, Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Spatial Perceptual Altercation (Clinical Manifestations of Stroke)
- Anosognosia
- Agnosia
- Apraxia
Anosognosia (Clinical Manifestations of Stroke)
- neurological condition in which the patient is unaware of their neurological deficit or
psychiatric condition
Agnosia (Clinical Manifestations)
unable to recognize and identify, person, or sounds using one or more of their sense despite
otherwise normally functioning senses
Apraxia (Clinical Manifestations)
the loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures
What is a TIA?
Plaque build up in the artery or a clot temporarily impair blood flow to an artery in the brain but
it self resolves, symptoms are transient
Serves as a warning sign to seek medical intervention. TIAs are a modifiable risk factor for
stroke
Solutions
Non-modifiable risk factors
- age
- gender
-ethnicity
- family hisotry
Modifiable Risk Factors
- diet
- smoking
- obesity
- sedentary lifestyle
- excessive alcohol
- stress
Risk Factors for Stroke
- hypertension
-heart disease
-transient ischemic attaks
- sickle cell disease
- diabetes
- hyperlipidemia
,- previous stroke
- hypercoagulability
Hypertension (Risk of Stroke)
the higher the BP the higher the risk
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) (Risk of Stroke)
stasis of blood in the left atrium leading to thrombus formation
Sickle Cell Disease (Risk of Stroke)
higher risk of clotting
Hyperlipidemia (Risk of Stroke)
increased total cholesterol is an increased risk
How do you assess for stroke?
- neurological assessment
- glasgow coma scale
- stroke scale
Glasgow Coma Scale
eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts
13-15 minor
,9-12 moderate
3-8 severe
Stroke Scale
Looks at LOC, orientation, speech and motor function
FAST (Stroke Scale)
Face (drooping)
Arms (weakness)
Speech (difficulties)
Time (within 5 mins)
Motor (Manifestation of Stroke)
Akinesia
Akinesia
inability to initiate movement
Communication (Manifestations Stroke)
aphasia
dysphasia
Aphasia
- Loss of speech
-impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area
(impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding).
, Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Spatial Perceptual Altercation (Clinical Manifestations of Stroke)
- Anosognosia
- Agnosia
- Apraxia
Anosognosia (Clinical Manifestations of Stroke)
- neurological condition in which the patient is unaware of their neurological deficit or
psychiatric condition
Agnosia (Clinical Manifestations)
unable to recognize and identify, person, or sounds using one or more of their sense despite
otherwise normally functioning senses
Apraxia (Clinical Manifestations)
the loss of ability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures
What is a TIA?
Plaque build up in the artery or a clot temporarily impair blood flow to an artery in the brain but
it self resolves, symptoms are transient
Serves as a warning sign to seek medical intervention. TIAs are a modifiable risk factor for
stroke
