Test Bank for Psychology in Everyday Life
(Graded Material) - Digital
Download(Verified)
psychology - answersa branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social
change throughout the life span
cross-sectional study - answersa study in which people of different ages are compared
with one another
longiitudinal study - answersresearch that follows and retest the same people over time.
chromosomes - answersthreadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the
genes
DNA - answersdeoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - answersA complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes.
genes - answersthe biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a
segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
heredity - answersthe genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their
offspring
genome - answersthe complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all
the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
environment - answersevery external influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and
things around us
interaction - answersthe interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as
environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
epigenectics - answersthe study of the molecular ways by which environments can
influence gene expression (without DNA change)
Zygote - answersthe fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and
develops into an embryo
teratogens - answersagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo
or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
,fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) - answersPhysical and mental abnormalities in children
caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small,
out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.
FAS - answersfetal alcohol syndrome
reflex - answersa simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-
jerk response
temperment - answersa person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Identical twins - answersmonozygotic twins
identical twins (monozygotic twins) - answersdeveloped from a single fertilized egg that
splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
fraternal twins - answersdizygotic twins
fraternal (dizygotic) twins - answersdevelop from separate fertilized eggs. They are
genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters, but they share a prenatal
environment
maturation - answersbiological growth processes that enable orderly changes in
behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
critical period - answersa period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or
experiences is needed for proper development
cognition - answersall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating
schema - answersa concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
assimilation - answersinterpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
accommodation - answersadapting our current understandings (schemas) to
incorporate new information
sensorimotor stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of
age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
and motor activities
object permanence - answersthe understanding that objects continue to exist even
when out of view
, preoperational stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years
of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the
mental operations of concrete logic
conservation - answersthe principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the
same despite changes in the forms of objects
Egocentrism - answersin Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking
another's point of view
concrete operational stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
formal operational stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about
abstract concepts
scaffold - answersin Vygotsky's theory, a framework that offers children temporary
support as they develop higher levels of thinking
theory of mind - answerspeople's ideas about their own and others' mental states—
about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.
autims spectrum disorder (ASS) - answersa disorder that appears in childhood and is
marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly
fixated interest and repetitive behaviors.
ASD - answersautism spectrum disorder
stranger anxiety - answersthe fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning
by about 8 months of age
attachment - answersan emotional tie with others shown in young children by their
seeking closeness to caregivers and showing distress on separation.
basic trust - answersaccording to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and
trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with
responsive caregivers
adolescence - answersthe transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from
puberty to independence
puberty - answersthe period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes
capable of reproducing
(Graded Material) - Digital
Download(Verified)
psychology - answersa branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social
change throughout the life span
cross-sectional study - answersa study in which people of different ages are compared
with one another
longiitudinal study - answersresearch that follows and retest the same people over time.
chromosomes - answersthreadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the
genes
DNA - answersdeoxyribonucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - answersA complex molecule containing the genetic
information that makes up the chromosomes.
genes - answersthe biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a
segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein
heredity - answersthe genetic transmission of characteristics from parents to their
offspring
genome - answersthe complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all
the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes
environment - answersevery external influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and
things around us
interaction - answersthe interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as
environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)
epigenectics - answersthe study of the molecular ways by which environments can
influence gene expression (without DNA change)
Zygote - answersthe fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and
develops into an embryo
teratogens - answersagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo
or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
,fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) - answersPhysical and mental abnormalities in children
caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small,
out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.
FAS - answersfetal alcohol syndrome
reflex - answersa simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-
jerk response
temperment - answersa person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Identical twins - answersmonozygotic twins
identical twins (monozygotic twins) - answersdeveloped from a single fertilized egg that
splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
fraternal twins - answersdizygotic twins
fraternal (dizygotic) twins - answersdevelop from separate fertilized eggs. They are
genetically no closer than ordinary brothers and sisters, but they share a prenatal
environment
maturation - answersbiological growth processes that enable orderly changes in
behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
critical period - answersa period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or
experiences is needed for proper development
cognition - answersall the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing,
remembering, and communicating
schema - answersa concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
assimilation - answersinterpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
accommodation - answersadapting our current understandings (schemas) to
incorporate new information
sensorimotor stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of
age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions
and motor activities
object permanence - answersthe understanding that objects continue to exist even
when out of view
, preoperational stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years
of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the
mental operations of concrete logic
conservation - answersthe principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the
same despite changes in the forms of objects
Egocentrism - answersin Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking
another's point of view
concrete operational stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive
development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the
mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
formal operational stage - answersin Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development
(normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about
abstract concepts
scaffold - answersin Vygotsky's theory, a framework that offers children temporary
support as they develop higher levels of thinking
theory of mind - answerspeople's ideas about their own and others' mental states—
about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.
autims spectrum disorder (ASS) - answersa disorder that appears in childhood and is
marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly
fixated interest and repetitive behaviors.
ASD - answersautism spectrum disorder
stranger anxiety - answersthe fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning
by about 8 months of age
attachment - answersan emotional tie with others shown in young children by their
seeking closeness to caregivers and showing distress on separation.
basic trust - answersaccording to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and
trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with
responsive caregivers
adolescence - answersthe transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from
puberty to independence
puberty - answersthe period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes
capable of reproducing
