Med Surg Exam 1 150+ (Latest Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer Key Solutions

Med Surg Exam 1
(Latest 2025-2026 Edition) 100% Verified Q&A + Answer
150+
Key Solutions


VERIFIED ANSWERS


Question 1
IV fluids
Correct Answer
Used when patients can't take oral fluids, for replacement of fluid/electrolyte losses, or to administer medications.


Question 2
Hypotonic
Correct Answer
ECF shifts into ICF; osmolality less than that of body fluids, providing more water than electrolytes.
Ex: 0.45% Half NS, D5W


Question 3
D5W
Correct Answer
Dextrose 5% in water; isotonic in the bag, hypotonic in the body, provides free water and intracellular fluid hydration.


Question 4
Isotonic
Correct Answer
Same osmolality as body fluids; main purpose is to maintain and restore fluid and electrolyte balance. Used in
hypovolemic shock and blood transfusions
Ex: 0.9% NS, LR


Question 5
9% sodium chloride normal saline

Correct Answer
No calories; only solution to give with blood products, compatible with most medications.




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,Question 6
Lactated ringers
Correct Answer
Contains sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and lactate; more similar to plasma than NS.
NOT compatible with Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)


Question 7
Hypertonic
Correct Answer
ICF shifts into ECF; greater osmolality than body fluids, could lead to pulmonary edema.


Question 8
Additives

Correct Answer
KCL, CaCl, MgSO4, HCO3- are the most common; dextrose 10% and below can be given in peripheral site. greater than
10% has to be given through central line- glucose will eat away at the vein


Question 9
Plasma expanders
Correct Answer
Pull fluid from the interstitial compartment into the vascular compartment to increase osmotic pressure.
Ex: packed RBCs, albumin, plasma


Question 10
Peripheral vascular access
Correct Answer
Change IV site every 48-72 hours, flush every 8-12 hours, limit to 2 attempts per nurse.


Question 11
Infusates
Correct Answer
Medications given peripherally should have a pH in the range of 5-9; otherwise, need to be given through a central line.
ex: chemo if given through a normal IV will eat away at the tissues


Question 12
Complications from peripheral IV
Correct Answer
Phlebitis is caused by chemical or mechanical irritation of the vein.




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, Question 13
Phlebitis
Correct Answer
Causes: fluid/med with different pH, irritation of catheter, lots of movement, small vein
S/s: erythema, pain or burning, warmth, edema, induration, slowed infusion high temp
Prevent: assess Q2hrs, use smaller gauge, rotate IV Q48-72hrs
Treat: DC IV, apply warm compress, document


Question 14
Local complications
Correct Answer
Infiltration is fluid leaking into surrounding subcutaneous tissue.


Question 15
Infiltration
Correct Answer
causes: improper IV insertion, improper vein selection, med disrupts vein wall, over manipulation
s/s: swelling, taut skin, coolness, slowed infusion, leaking at IV site, no blood return
treat: DC IV, elevation, restart IV with another extremity


Question 16
Fluid volume excess
Correct Answer
can cause crackles in the lungs, SOB, and edema.


Question 17
Fluid volume deficit
Correct Answer
Symptoms include low urine output, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia, and hypotension.


Question 18
Electrolyte imbalance
Correct Answer
Symptoms include abnormal lab values, change in mental status, and cardiac arrhythmias.


Question 19
Nurses' role in pre-op
Correct Answer
Prepare the patient from the time the decision is made for surgery until the patient is placed on the OR table.




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