BIOD 151 FINAL EXAM VERSION 1&2| 2025 ESSENTIAL
HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY I PORTAGE LEARNING
ASSURED SUCCESS
Biology Practice Questions
Cell Biology and Physiology
Question 1
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
A) Heart and lungs
B) Stomach and intestines ✓
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Kidneys and bladder
Correct Answer-: : B) Stomach and intestines
Explanation: The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver,
gallbladder, pancreas, and kidneys. The heart and lungs are in the thoracic cavity.
The brain and spinal cord are in the dorsal cavity.
Question 2
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (True or False)
A) True
B) False ✓
Correct Answer-: : B) False
,Explanation: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP (adenosine
triphosphate), not ADP. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, while ADP is a
lower-energy molecule that gets converted to ATP during respiration.
Question 3
Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (True or
False)
A) True ✓
B) False
Correct Answer-: : A) True
Explanation: Peripheral proteins are indeed found on the outer surface of cell
membranes. They are attached to integral proteins or lipids and play roles in cell
signaling, maintaining cell shape, and acting as enzymes.
Question 4
Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell.
(True or False)
A) True
B) False ✓
Correct Answer-: : B) False
Explanation: Exocytosis is the process of exporting materials out of the cell. The
process of bringing materials into the cell is called endocytosis (including
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis).
Question 5
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell,
binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins.
(True or False)
,A) True ✓
B) False
Correct Answer-: : A) True
Explanation: Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves specific receptors on the
cell membrane binding to signaling molecules (ligands) from other cells, triggering
the cell to internalize the bound molecules and initiate intracellular responses.
Question 6
Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure.
(True or False)
A) True
B) False ✓
Correct Answer-: : B) False
Explanation: Endocytosis is an active process that requires cellular energy (ATP)
to form vesicles and bring materials into the cell. Passive processes like diffusion
and osmosis do not require energy.
Question 7
In your own words, discuss Tay Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is
impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur?
A) Mitochondria; causes muscle weakness due to lack of ATP
B) Lysosome; causes toxic lipid buildup in the brain leading to disability and death
✓
C) Nucleus; causes genetic mutations affecting development
D) Ribosome; prevents protein synthesis in nerve cells
Correct Answer-: : B) Lysosome; causes toxic lipid buildup in the brain leading to
disability and death
Explanation: Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a
digestive enzyme (hexosaminidase A) is lacking. This leads to toxic lipid (GM2
, ganglioside) buildup in the brain that cannot be broken down. This accumulation
causes progressive damage to nerve cells, leading to disability and eventually
death, usually by early childhood.
Question 8
You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which
one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the
larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
A) The larger cell because it has more cytoplasm
B) The smaller cell because it has a higher surface area to volume ratio ✓
C) Both cells would have the same respiration rate
D) Size does not affect respiration rate
Correct Answer-: : B) The smaller cell because it has a higher surface area to
volume ratio
Explanation: The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands, the amount
of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is
more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger
cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume), metabolic processes like
respiration can occur faster due to more efficient exchange of materials across
the membrane.
Digestive System
Question 9
Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why?
A) It lowers to allow food into the trachea
B) It rises to prevent food from entering the nasal passages ✓
C) It remains stationary during swallowing
D) It contracts to push food into the esophagus
HUMAN ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY I PORTAGE LEARNING
ASSURED SUCCESS
Biology Practice Questions
Cell Biology and Physiology
Question 1
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
A) Heart and lungs
B) Stomach and intestines ✓
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Kidneys and bladder
Correct Answer-: : B) Stomach and intestines
Explanation: The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver,
gallbladder, pancreas, and kidneys. The heart and lungs are in the thoracic cavity.
The brain and spinal cord are in the dorsal cavity.
Question 2
The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ADP. (True or False)
A) True
B) False ✓
Correct Answer-: : B) False
,Explanation: The purpose of cellular respiration is to produce ATP (adenosine
triphosphate), not ADP. ATP is the energy currency of the cell, while ADP is a
lower-energy molecule that gets converted to ATP during respiration.
Question 3
Peripheral proteins are found on the outer surface of a cell membrane. (True or
False)
A) True ✓
B) False
Correct Answer-: : A) True
Explanation: Peripheral proteins are indeed found on the outer surface of cell
membranes. They are attached to integral proteins or lipids and play roles in cell
signaling, maintaining cell shape, and acting as enzymes.
Question 4
Exocytosis is the process that occurs to bring biomacromolecules inside the cell.
(True or False)
A) True
B) False ✓
Correct Answer-: : B) False
Explanation: Exocytosis is the process of exporting materials out of the cell. The
process of bringing materials into the cell is called endocytosis (including
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis).
Question 5
Receptor-mediated endocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell,
binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins.
(True or False)
,A) True ✓
B) False
Correct Answer-: : A) True
Explanation: Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves specific receptors on the
cell membrane binding to signaling molecules (ligands) from other cells, triggering
the cell to internalize the bound molecules and initiate intracellular responses.
Question 6
Endocytosis is a passive process. It does not require cellular energy expenditure.
(True or False)
A) True
B) False ✓
Correct Answer-: : B) False
Explanation: Endocytosis is an active process that requires cellular energy (ATP)
to form vesicles and bring materials into the cell. Passive processes like diffusion
and osmosis do not require energy.
Question 7
In your own words, discuss Tay Sachs disease. What organelle within the cell is
impacted? What are the symptoms of the disease and why do they occur?
A) Mitochondria; causes muscle weakness due to lack of ATP
B) Lysosome; causes toxic lipid buildup in the brain leading to disability and death
✓
C) Nucleus; causes genetic mutations affecting development
D) Ribosome; prevents protein synthesis in nerve cells
Correct Answer-: : B) Lysosome; causes toxic lipid buildup in the brain leading to
disability and death
Explanation: Tay-Sachs disease impacts the lysosome of the cell because a
digestive enzyme (hexosaminidase A) is lacking. This leads to toxic lipid (GM2
, ganglioside) buildup in the brain that cannot be broken down. This accumulation
causes progressive damage to nerve cells, leading to disability and eventually
death, usually by early childhood.
Question 8
You are observing two cells under the microscope. They are the same type of
eukaryotic cell but one appears much larger. Based on appearance alone, which
one would you expect to be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the
larger or smaller cell? Explain why.
A) The larger cell because it has more cytoplasm
B) The smaller cell because it has a higher surface area to volume ratio ✓
C) Both cells would have the same respiration rate
D) Size does not affect respiration rate
Correct Answer-: : B) The smaller cell because it has a higher surface area to
volume ratio
Explanation: The smaller cell would be carrying out respiration at a more active
rate. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands, the amount
of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is
more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger
cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume), metabolic processes like
respiration can occur faster due to more efficient exchange of materials across
the membrane.
Digestive System
Question 9
Explain what happens to the soft palate during swallowing. Why?
A) It lowers to allow food into the trachea
B) It rises to prevent food from entering the nasal passages ✓
C) It remains stationary during swallowing
D) It contracts to push food into the esophagus
