Chapter 01: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. was\ recently\ exposed\ to\ group\ A\ hemolytic\ Streptococcus\ and\ subsequently\ developed\
a\ pharyngeal\ infection.\ His\ clinic\ examination\ reveals\ an\ oral\ temperature\ of\ 102.3°F,\ skin\
rash,\ dysphagia,\ and\ reddened\ throat\ mucosa\ with\ multiple\ pustules.\ He\ complains\ of\ sore\
throat,\ malaise,\ and\ joint\ stiffness.\ A\ throat\ culture\ is\ positive\ for\ Streptococcus,\ and\
antibiotics\ have\ been\ prescribed.\ The\ etiology\ of\ C.Q.’s\ disease\ is
a. a\ sore\ throat.
b. streptococcal\ infection.
c. genetic\ susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:\ B
Etiology\ refers\ to\ the\ proposed\ cause\ or\ causes\ of\ a\ particular\ disease\ process.\ A\ sore\ throat\ is\
the\ manifestation\ of\ the\ disease\ process.\ Genetic\ susceptibility\ refers\ to\ inherited\ tendency\ to\
develop\ a\ disease.\ Pharyngitis\ refers\ to\ inflammation\ of\ the\ throat\ and\ is\ also\ a\ clinical\
manifestation\ of\ the\ disease\ process.
2. A\ 17-year-old\ college-bound\ student\ receives\ a\ vaccine\ against\ an\ organism\ that\ causes\
meningitis.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ A
Primary\ prevention\ is\ prevention\ of\ disease\ by\ altering\ susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\
susceptible\ individuals,\ in\ this\ case\ by\ providing\ vaccination.\ Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\
early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease.\ Tertiary\ prevention\ includes\
rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\ attempts\ to\ alleviate\ disability\ and\ restore\ effective\
functioning.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\ management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\ has\ developed.
3. An\ obese\ but\ otherwise\ healthy\ teen\ is\ given\ a\ prescription\ for\ a\ low-calorie\ diet\ and\ exercise\
program.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ B
Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\ early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease\ such\ as\
prescribing\ diet\ and\ exercise\ for\ an\ individual\ who\ has\ already\ developed\ obesity.\ Primary\
prevention\ is\ prevention\ of\ disease\ by\ altering\ susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\
susceptible\ individuals.\ Tertiary\ prevention\ includes\ rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\
attempts\ to\ alleviate\ disability\ and\ restore\ effective\ functioning.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\
management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\ has\ developed.
,4. A\ patient\ with\ high\ blood\ pressure\ who\ is\ otherwise\ healthy\ is\ counseled\ to\ restrict\
sodium\ intake.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ B
Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\ early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease,\ such\
as\ by\ prescribing\ sodium\ restriction\ for\ high\ blood\ pressure.\ Primary\ prevention\ is\ prevention\
of\ disease\ by\ altering\ susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\ susceptible\ individuals.\ Tertiary\
prevention\ includes\ rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\ attempts\ to\ alleviate\ disability\ and\
restore\ effective\ functioning.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\ management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\
has\ developed.
5. After\ suffering\ a\ heart\ attack,\ a\ middle-aged\ man\ is\ counseled\ to\ take\ a\ cholesterol-
lowering\ medication.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ C
Tertiary\ prevention\ includes\ rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\ attempts\ to\ alleviate\
disability\ and\ restore\ effective\ functioning\ such\ as\ prescribing\ a\ cholesterol-lowering\
medication\ following\ a\ heart\ attack.\ Primary\ prevention\ is\ prevention\ of\ disease\ by\ altering\
susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\ susceptible\ individuals.\ Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\
early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\
management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\ has\ developed.
6. A\ patient\ has\ been\ exposed\ to\ meningococcal\ meningitis,\ but\ is\ not\ yet\ demonstrating\ signs\
of\ this\ disease.\ This\ stage\ of\ illness\ is\ called\ the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:\ B
Incubation\ refers\ to\ the\ interval\ between\ exposure\ of\ a\ tissue\ to\ an\ injurious\ agent\ and\ the\ first\
appearance\ of\ signs\ and\ symptoms.\ In\ infectious\ diseases,\ this\ period\ is\ often\ called\ the\
incubation\ (latent)\ period.\ Prodromal\ refers\ to\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ first\ signs\ and\ symptoms\
indicating\ the\ onset\ of\ a\ disease.\ These\ are\ often\ nonspecific,\ such\ as\ headache,\ malaise,\
anorexia,\ and\ nausea,\ which\ are\ associated\ with\ a\ number\ of\ different\ diseases.\ Sequela\ refers\
to\ subsequent\ pathologic\ condition\ resulting\ from\ a\ disease.\ Convalescence\ is\ the\ stage\ of\
recovery\ after\ a\ disease,\ injury,\ or\ surgical\ operation.
7. A\ disease\ that\ is\ native\ to\ a\ particular\ region\ is\ called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:\ B
A\ disease\ that\ is\ native\ to\ a\ particular\ region\ is\ called\ endemic.\ An\ epidemic\ is\ a\ disease\ that\
spreads\ to\ many\ individuals\ at\ the\ same\ time.\ Pandemics\ are\ epidemics\ that\ affect\ large\
geographic\ regions,\ perhaps\ spreading\ worldwide.\ Ethnographic\ does\ not\ describe\ a\ disease\
distribution\ pattern.
8. In\ general, \ with\ aging,\ organ\ size\ and\ function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain\ the\ same.
d. are\ unknown.
ANS:\ B
In\ general,\ with\ aging,\ organ\ size\ and\ function\ decrease.
9. The\ stage\ during\ which\ the\ patient\ functions\ normally, \ although\ the\ disease\ processes\ are\ well\
established,\ is\ referred\ to\ as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:\ B
The\ stage\ during\ which\ the\ patient\ functions\ normally, \ although\ the\ disease\ processes\ are\ well\
established,\ is\ called\ the\ subclinical\ stage.\ The\ interval\ between\ exposure\ of\ a\ tissue\ to\ an\
injurious\ agent\ and\ the\ first\ appearance\ of\ signs\ and\ symptoms\ may\ be\ called\ a\ latent\ period\
or,\ in\ the\ case\ of\ infectious\ diseases,\ an\ incubation\ period.\ The\ prodromal\ period,\ or\
prodrome,\ refers\ to\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ first\ signs\ and\ symptoms\ indicating\ the\ onset\ of\ a\
disease.\ Convalescence\ is\ the\ stage\ of\ recovery\ after\ a\ disease,\ injury,\ or\ surgical\ operation.
MULTIPLE\ RESPONSE
1. Your\ patient’s\ red\ blood\ cell\ count\ is\ slightly\ elevated\ today.\ This\ might\ be\ explained\ by\
(Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. gender\ difference.
b. situational\ factors.
c. normal\ variation.
d. cultural\ variation.
e. illness.
ANS:\ A,\ B,\ C,\ E
Gender,\ situations\ (e.g.,\ altitude),\ normal\ variations,\ and\ illness\ may\ all\ determine\ red\ blood\
cell\ count.\ Culture\ affects\ how\ manifestations\ are\ perceived\ (normal\ versus\ abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic\ factors\ influence\ disease\ development \ because\ of\ (Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental\ toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS:\ B,\ C,\ D,\ E
Socioeconomic\ factors\ influence\ disease\ development\ via\ exposure\ to\ environmental\ toxins\
(occupational)\ and\ overcrowding,\ nutrition\ (over-\ or\ undernutrition),\ and\ hygiene\ (e.g.,\ in\
developing\ countries).\ Genetics\ is\ not\ influenced\ by\ socioeconomic\ factors.
3. When\ determining\ additional\ data\ to\ gather\ before\ making\ a\ diagnosis,\ what\ factors\ need\ to\
be\ considered?\ (Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS:\ A,\ C
Two\ considerations\ one\ must\ use\ when\ choosing\ additional\ data\ to\ gather\ include\ the\
reliability\ and\ validity\ of\ the\ tests\ being\ weighed.\ Reliability,\ or\ precision,\ is\ the\ ability\ of\ a\
test\ to\ give\ the\ same\ result\ in\ repeated\ measurements.\ Validity,\ or\ accuracy,\ is\ the\ degree\ to\
which\ a\ measurement\ reflects\ the\ true\ value\ of\ the\ object\ it\ is\ intended\ to\ measure.\ Expense,\
generalizability,\ and\ repetition\ are\ not\ characteristics\ that\ are\ typically\ considered.
4. Which\ of\ the\ following\ statements\ are\ accurate\ when\ considering\ diagnostic\ testing\ for\ an\
individual\ with\ a\ possible\ medical\ condition?\ (Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. The\ more\ often\ a\ patient\ has\ a\ test,\ the\ more\ accurate\ the\ average\ result\ is.
b. Sensitivity\ is\ the\ chance\ the\ test\ will\ be\ positive\ if\ the\ hypothesized\ disease\
is\ present.
c. Testing\ is\ generally\ not\ accurate\ during\ the\ prodromal\ stage\ to\ make\ a\ diagnosis.
d. Specificity\ shows\ that\ a\ test\ will\ be\ negative\ if\ the\ person\ does\ not\ have\ the\
disease.
e. Reliability\ demonstrates\ a\ test\ is\ accurate\ under\ a\ number\ of\ different\ conditions.
ANS:\ B,\ D
Sensitivity\ is\ the\ probability\ that\ the\ test\ will\ be\ positive\ when\ applied\ to\ a\ person\ with\ the\
condition.\ Specificity\ is\ the\ probability\ that\ a\ test\ will\ be\ negative\ when\ applied\ to\ a\ person\
who\ does\ not\ have\ a\ given\ condition.\ Test\ results\ are\ usually\ not\ aggregated\ and\ averaged.\ A\
disease\ process\ is\ well\ established\ during\ the\ prodromal\ phase\ of\ illness,\ so\ some\ diagnostic\
testing\ would\ indicate\ its\ presence.\ Reliability,\ or\ precision,\ is\ the\ ability\ of\ a\ test\ to\ give\ the\
same\ result\ in\ repeated\ measurements.
Chapter\ 02:\ Homeostasis,\ Allostasis,\ and\ Adaptive\ Responses\ to\ Stressors\
Banasik:\ Pathophysiology,\ 7th\ Edition
MULTIPLE\ CHOICE
1. Indicators\ that\ an\ individual\ is\ experiencing\ high\ stress\ include\ all\ the\ following\ except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased\ peripheral\ resistance.
d. pupil\ constriction.
ANS:\ D
Banasik: Pathophysiology, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. C.Q. was\ recently\ exposed\ to\ group\ A\ hemolytic\ Streptococcus\ and\ subsequently\ developed\
a\ pharyngeal\ infection.\ His\ clinic\ examination\ reveals\ an\ oral\ temperature\ of\ 102.3°F,\ skin\
rash,\ dysphagia,\ and\ reddened\ throat\ mucosa\ with\ multiple\ pustules.\ He\ complains\ of\ sore\
throat,\ malaise,\ and\ joint\ stiffness.\ A\ throat\ culture\ is\ positive\ for\ Streptococcus,\ and\
antibiotics\ have\ been\ prescribed.\ The\ etiology\ of\ C.Q.’s\ disease\ is
a. a\ sore\ throat.
b. streptococcal\ infection.
c. genetic\ susceptibility.
d. pharyngitis.
ANS:\ B
Etiology\ refers\ to\ the\ proposed\ cause\ or\ causes\ of\ a\ particular\ disease\ process.\ A\ sore\ throat\ is\
the\ manifestation\ of\ the\ disease\ process.\ Genetic\ susceptibility\ refers\ to\ inherited\ tendency\ to\
develop\ a\ disease.\ Pharyngitis\ refers\ to\ inflammation\ of\ the\ throat\ and\ is\ also\ a\ clinical\
manifestation\ of\ the\ disease\ process.
2. A\ 17-year-old\ college-bound\ student\ receives\ a\ vaccine\ against\ an\ organism\ that\ causes\
meningitis.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ A
Primary\ prevention\ is\ prevention\ of\ disease\ by\ altering\ susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\
susceptible\ individuals,\ in\ this\ case\ by\ providing\ vaccination.\ Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\
early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease.\ Tertiary\ prevention\ includes\
rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\ attempts\ to\ alleviate\ disability\ and\ restore\ effective\
functioning.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\ management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\ has\ developed.
3. An\ obese\ but\ otherwise\ healthy\ teen\ is\ given\ a\ prescription\ for\ a\ low-calorie\ diet\ and\ exercise\
program.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ B
Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\ early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease\ such\ as\
prescribing\ diet\ and\ exercise\ for\ an\ individual\ who\ has\ already\ developed\ obesity.\ Primary\
prevention\ is\ prevention\ of\ disease\ by\ altering\ susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\
susceptible\ individuals.\ Tertiary\ prevention\ includes\ rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\
attempts\ to\ alleviate\ disability\ and\ restore\ effective\ functioning.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\
management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\ has\ developed.
,4. A\ patient\ with\ high\ blood\ pressure\ who\ is\ otherwise\ healthy\ is\ counseled\ to\ restrict\
sodium\ intake.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ B
Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\ early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease,\ such\
as\ by\ prescribing\ sodium\ restriction\ for\ high\ blood\ pressure.\ Primary\ prevention\ is\ prevention\
of\ disease\ by\ altering\ susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\ susceptible\ individuals.\ Tertiary\
prevention\ includes\ rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\ attempts\ to\ alleviate\ disability\ and\
restore\ effective\ functioning.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\ management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\
has\ developed.
5. After\ suffering\ a\ heart\ attack,\ a\ middle-aged\ man\ is\ counseled\ to\ take\ a\ cholesterol-
lowering\ medication.\ This\ is\ an\ example\ of
a. primary\ prevention.
b. secondary\ prevention.
c. tertiary\ prevention.
d. disease\ treatment.
ANS:\ C
Tertiary\ prevention\ includes\ rehabilitative\ and\ supportive\ care\ and\ attempts\ to\ alleviate\
disability\ and\ restore\ effective\ functioning\ such\ as\ prescribing\ a\ cholesterol-lowering\
medication\ following\ a\ heart\ attack.\ Primary\ prevention\ is\ prevention\ of\ disease\ by\ altering\
susceptibility\ or\ reducing\ exposure\ for\ susceptible\ individuals.\ Secondary\ prevention\ is\ the\
early\ detection,\ screening,\ and\ management\ of\ the\ disease.\ Disease\ treatment\ involves\
management\ of\ the\ disease\ once\ it\ has\ developed.
6. A\ patient\ has\ been\ exposed\ to\ meningococcal\ meningitis,\ but\ is\ not\ yet\ demonstrating\ signs\
of\ this\ disease.\ This\ stage\ of\ illness\ is\ called\ the stage.
a. prodromal
b. latent
c. sequela
d. convalescence
ANS:\ B
Incubation\ refers\ to\ the\ interval\ between\ exposure\ of\ a\ tissue\ to\ an\ injurious\ agent\ and\ the\ first\
appearance\ of\ signs\ and\ symptoms.\ In\ infectious\ diseases,\ this\ period\ is\ often\ called\ the\
incubation\ (latent)\ period.\ Prodromal\ refers\ to\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ first\ signs\ and\ symptoms\
indicating\ the\ onset\ of\ a\ disease.\ These\ are\ often\ nonspecific,\ such\ as\ headache,\ malaise,\
anorexia,\ and\ nausea,\ which\ are\ associated\ with\ a\ number\ of\ different\ diseases.\ Sequela\ refers\
to\ subsequent\ pathologic\ condition\ resulting\ from\ a\ disease.\ Convalescence\ is\ the\ stage\ of\
recovery\ after\ a\ disease,\ injury,\ or\ surgical\ operation.
7. A\ disease\ that\ is\ native\ to\ a\ particular\ region\ is\ called
a. epidemic.
b. endemic.
c. pandemic.
d. ethnographic.
, ANS:\ B
A\ disease\ that\ is\ native\ to\ a\ particular\ region\ is\ called\ endemic.\ An\ epidemic\ is\ a\ disease\ that\
spreads\ to\ many\ individuals\ at\ the\ same\ time.\ Pandemics\ are\ epidemics\ that\ affect\ large\
geographic\ regions,\ perhaps\ spreading\ worldwide.\ Ethnographic\ does\ not\ describe\ a\ disease\
distribution\ pattern.
8. In\ general, \ with\ aging,\ organ\ size\ and\ function
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. remain\ the\ same.
d. are\ unknown.
ANS:\ B
In\ general,\ with\ aging,\ organ\ size\ and\ function\ decrease.
9. The\ stage\ during\ which\ the\ patient\ functions\ normally, \ although\ the\ disease\ processes\ are\ well\
established,\ is\ referred\ to\ as
a. latent.
b. subclinical.
c. prodromal.
d. convalescence.
ANS:\ B
The\ stage\ during\ which\ the\ patient\ functions\ normally, \ although\ the\ disease\ processes\ are\ well\
established,\ is\ called\ the\ subclinical\ stage.\ The\ interval\ between\ exposure\ of\ a\ tissue\ to\ an\
injurious\ agent\ and\ the\ first\ appearance\ of\ signs\ and\ symptoms\ may\ be\ called\ a\ latent\ period\
or,\ in\ the\ case\ of\ infectious\ diseases,\ an\ incubation\ period.\ The\ prodromal\ period,\ or\
prodrome,\ refers\ to\ the\ appearance\ of\ the\ first\ signs\ and\ symptoms\ indicating\ the\ onset\ of\ a\
disease.\ Convalescence\ is\ the\ stage\ of\ recovery\ after\ a\ disease,\ injury,\ or\ surgical\ operation.
MULTIPLE\ RESPONSE
1. Your\ patient’s\ red\ blood\ cell\ count\ is\ slightly\ elevated\ today.\ This\ might\ be\ explained\ by\
(Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. gender\ difference.
b. situational\ factors.
c. normal\ variation.
d. cultural\ variation.
e. illness.
ANS:\ A,\ B,\ C,\ E
Gender,\ situations\ (e.g.,\ altitude),\ normal\ variations,\ and\ illness\ may\ all\ determine\ red\ blood\
cell\ count.\ Culture\ affects\ how\ manifestations\ are\ perceived\ (normal\ versus\ abnormal).
2. Socioeconomic\ factors\ influence\ disease\ development \ because\ of\ (Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. genetics.
b. environmental\ toxins.
c. overcrowding.
d. nutrition.
e. hygiene.
, ANS:\ B,\ C,\ D,\ E
Socioeconomic\ factors\ influence\ disease\ development\ via\ exposure\ to\ environmental\ toxins\
(occupational)\ and\ overcrowding,\ nutrition\ (over-\ or\ undernutrition),\ and\ hygiene\ (e.g.,\ in\
developing\ countries).\ Genetics\ is\ not\ influenced\ by\ socioeconomic\ factors.
3. When\ determining\ additional\ data\ to\ gather\ before\ making\ a\ diagnosis,\ what\ factors\ need\ to\
be\ considered?\ (Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. Reliability
b. Expense
c. Validity
d. Generalizability
e. Repetition
ANS:\ A,\ C
Two\ considerations\ one\ must\ use\ when\ choosing\ additional\ data\ to\ gather\ include\ the\
reliability\ and\ validity\ of\ the\ tests\ being\ weighed.\ Reliability,\ or\ precision,\ is\ the\ ability\ of\ a\
test\ to\ give\ the\ same\ result\ in\ repeated\ measurements.\ Validity,\ or\ accuracy,\ is\ the\ degree\ to\
which\ a\ measurement\ reflects\ the\ true\ value\ of\ the\ object\ it\ is\ intended\ to\ measure.\ Expense,\
generalizability,\ and\ repetition\ are\ not\ characteristics\ that\ are\ typically\ considered.
4. Which\ of\ the\ following\ statements\ are\ accurate\ when\ considering\ diagnostic\ testing\ for\ an\
individual\ with\ a\ possible\ medical\ condition?\ (Select\ all\ that\ apply.)
a. The\ more\ often\ a\ patient\ has\ a\ test,\ the\ more\ accurate\ the\ average\ result\ is.
b. Sensitivity\ is\ the\ chance\ the\ test\ will\ be\ positive\ if\ the\ hypothesized\ disease\
is\ present.
c. Testing\ is\ generally\ not\ accurate\ during\ the\ prodromal\ stage\ to\ make\ a\ diagnosis.
d. Specificity\ shows\ that\ a\ test\ will\ be\ negative\ if\ the\ person\ does\ not\ have\ the\
disease.
e. Reliability\ demonstrates\ a\ test\ is\ accurate\ under\ a\ number\ of\ different\ conditions.
ANS:\ B,\ D
Sensitivity\ is\ the\ probability\ that\ the\ test\ will\ be\ positive\ when\ applied\ to\ a\ person\ with\ the\
condition.\ Specificity\ is\ the\ probability\ that\ a\ test\ will\ be\ negative\ when\ applied\ to\ a\ person\
who\ does\ not\ have\ a\ given\ condition.\ Test\ results\ are\ usually\ not\ aggregated\ and\ averaged.\ A\
disease\ process\ is\ well\ established\ during\ the\ prodromal\ phase\ of\ illness,\ so\ some\ diagnostic\
testing\ would\ indicate\ its\ presence.\ Reliability,\ or\ precision,\ is\ the\ ability\ of\ a\ test\ to\ give\ the\
same\ result\ in\ repeated\ measurements.
Chapter\ 02:\ Homeostasis,\ Allostasis,\ and\ Adaptive\ Responses\ to\ Stressors\
Banasik:\ Pathophysiology,\ 7th\ Edition
MULTIPLE\ CHOICE
1. Indicators\ that\ an\ individual\ is\ experiencing\ high\ stress\ include\ all\ the\ following\ except
a. tachycardia.
b. diaphoresis.
c. increased\ peripheral\ resistance.
d. pupil\ constriction.
ANS:\ D
