Solution manure For
The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional
Care, 6th Edition by Lisa F. Mallonee &
Linda Boyd & Cynthia A. Stegeman
Chapter 1-20
Chapters 1–5: Basics of Nutrition, Macronutrients, Energy, and Oral Health
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nutrition & Oral Health
1. (Ch.1) Which macronutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Alcohol
Answer: C – Fat provides 9 kcal/g, more than carbohydrates or protein (4 kcal/g each).
2. (Ch.1) Alcohol provides how many kcal per gram?
A) 4
B) 7
C) 9
D) 2
Answer: B – Alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram, contributing calories without essential
nutrients.
3. (Ch.1) Protein is primarily required for:
A) Energy storage
B) Tissue repair and growth
C) Enamel remineralization
D) Fat absorption
Answer: B – Proteins are essential for repair of tissues, enzymes, and structural
proteins.
Chapter 2: Carbohydrates and Energy
, 4. (Ch.2) Carbohydrates are stored in the body as:
A) Glycogen
B) Triglycerides
C) Glucose
D) Amino acids
Answer: A – Glycogen is the storage form in liver and muscle for energy.
5. (Ch.2) Which type of carbohydrate is most cariogenic?
A) Starches
B) Fibers
C) Simple sugars
D) Polyols
Answer: C – Simple sugars are rapidly fermented by oral bacteria, producing acids that
cause caries.
6. (Ch.2) Excessive carbohydrate intake can lead to:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Weight gain and dental caries
C) Protein deficiency
D) Vitamin toxicity
Answer: B – High sugar diets contribute to obesity and increase caries risk.
Chapter 3: Proteins and Fats
7. (Ch.3) Complete proteins contain:
A) Only non-essential amino acids
B) All essential amino acids
C) Only plant-based amino acids
D) Only animal-based amino acids
Answer: B – Complete proteins provide all essential amino acids necessary for body
function.
8. (Ch.3) Essential fatty acids include:
A) Oleic acid
B) Linoleic acid (omega-6)
C) Palmitic acid
D) Stearic acid
Answer: B – Linoleic acid must be obtained from diet.
9. (Ch.3) Excessive fat intake can result in:
A) Obesity
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Both A and B
D) Dental caries
Answer: C – Overconsumption of fat can lead to systemic health issues.
Chapter 4: Vitamins and Minerals
, 10.(Ch.4) Vitamin A deficiency can cause:
A) Night blindness
B) Rickets
C) Scurvy
D) Pellagra
Answer: A – Vitamin A is crucial for vision and epithelial tissue integrity.
11.(Ch.4) Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: C – Vitamin C deficiency leads to bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and
systemic symptoms.
12.(Ch.4) Rickets is associated with a deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Calcium
D) Phosphorus
Answer: B – Vitamin D deficiency results in impaired bone mineralization in children.
13.(Ch.4) Calcium is essential for:
A) Bone and tooth mineralization
B) Muscle contraction
C) Blood clotting
D) All of the above
Answer: D – Calcium has multiple physiological roles beyond skeletal health.
14.(Ch.4) Iron deficiency can lead to:
A) Microcytic anemia
B) Macrocytic anemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Osteomalacia
Answer: A – Iron is required for hemoglobin synthesis; deficiency causes small red
blood cells.
15.(Ch.4) Zinc deficiency may present as:
A) Growth retardation
B) Delayed wound healing
C) Impaired taste perception
D) All of the above
Answer: D – Zinc is essential for enzyme function, immunity, and taste.
Chapter 5: Oral Health and Nutrition
16.(Ch.5) Fluoride helps prevent dental caries by:
A) Strengthening enamel
B) Promoting remineralization
C) Inhibiting bacterial acid production
The Dental Hygienist's Guide to Nutritional
Care, 6th Edition by Lisa F. Mallonee &
Linda Boyd & Cynthia A. Stegeman
Chapter 1-20
Chapters 1–5: Basics of Nutrition, Macronutrients, Energy, and Oral Health
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nutrition & Oral Health
1. (Ch.1) Which macronutrient provides the greatest amount of energy per gram?
A) Carbohydrate
B) Protein
C) Fat
D) Alcohol
Answer: C – Fat provides 9 kcal/g, more than carbohydrates or protein (4 kcal/g each).
2. (Ch.1) Alcohol provides how many kcal per gram?
A) 4
B) 7
C) 9
D) 2
Answer: B – Alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram, contributing calories without essential
nutrients.
3. (Ch.1) Protein is primarily required for:
A) Energy storage
B) Tissue repair and growth
C) Enamel remineralization
D) Fat absorption
Answer: B – Proteins are essential for repair of tissues, enzymes, and structural
proteins.
Chapter 2: Carbohydrates and Energy
, 4. (Ch.2) Carbohydrates are stored in the body as:
A) Glycogen
B) Triglycerides
C) Glucose
D) Amino acids
Answer: A – Glycogen is the storage form in liver and muscle for energy.
5. (Ch.2) Which type of carbohydrate is most cariogenic?
A) Starches
B) Fibers
C) Simple sugars
D) Polyols
Answer: C – Simple sugars are rapidly fermented by oral bacteria, producing acids that
cause caries.
6. (Ch.2) Excessive carbohydrate intake can lead to:
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Weight gain and dental caries
C) Protein deficiency
D) Vitamin toxicity
Answer: B – High sugar diets contribute to obesity and increase caries risk.
Chapter 3: Proteins and Fats
7. (Ch.3) Complete proteins contain:
A) Only non-essential amino acids
B) All essential amino acids
C) Only plant-based amino acids
D) Only animal-based amino acids
Answer: B – Complete proteins provide all essential amino acids necessary for body
function.
8. (Ch.3) Essential fatty acids include:
A) Oleic acid
B) Linoleic acid (omega-6)
C) Palmitic acid
D) Stearic acid
Answer: B – Linoleic acid must be obtained from diet.
9. (Ch.3) Excessive fat intake can result in:
A) Obesity
B) Cardiovascular disease
C) Both A and B
D) Dental caries
Answer: C – Overconsumption of fat can lead to systemic health issues.
Chapter 4: Vitamins and Minerals
, 10.(Ch.4) Vitamin A deficiency can cause:
A) Night blindness
B) Rickets
C) Scurvy
D) Pellagra
Answer: A – Vitamin A is crucial for vision and epithelial tissue integrity.
11.(Ch.4) Scurvy is caused by a deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin K
Answer: C – Vitamin C deficiency leads to bleeding gums, poor wound healing, and
systemic symptoms.
12.(Ch.4) Rickets is associated with a deficiency of:
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin D
C) Calcium
D) Phosphorus
Answer: B – Vitamin D deficiency results in impaired bone mineralization in children.
13.(Ch.4) Calcium is essential for:
A) Bone and tooth mineralization
B) Muscle contraction
C) Blood clotting
D) All of the above
Answer: D – Calcium has multiple physiological roles beyond skeletal health.
14.(Ch.4) Iron deficiency can lead to:
A) Microcytic anemia
B) Macrocytic anemia
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Osteomalacia
Answer: A – Iron is required for hemoglobin synthesis; deficiency causes small red
blood cells.
15.(Ch.4) Zinc deficiency may present as:
A) Growth retardation
B) Delayed wound healing
C) Impaired taste perception
D) All of the above
Answer: D – Zinc is essential for enzyme function, immunity, and taste.
Chapter 5: Oral Health and Nutrition
16.(Ch.5) Fluoride helps prevent dental caries by:
A) Strengthening enamel
B) Promoting remineralization
C) Inhibiting bacterial acid production
