CSN Pharmacology Nurse 125- Exam 1 with all Correct
& 100% Verified Answers |Latest Update |Already
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What is a drug? ✔Correct Answer-Any chemical that can affect living processes
Pharmacology ✔Correct Answer-The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
Pharmaceutics ✔Correct Answer-The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which
the drug affects the body
Pharmacodynamics ✔Correct Answer-The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of
drugs at their sites of activity.
Pharmacokinetics ✔Correct Answer-The study of what happens to a drug. The process by which
drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacotherapeutics ✔Correct Answer-The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use
of drugs
Pharmacoeconomics ✔Correct Answer-The study of economic factors impacting the cost of drug
therapy.
Pharmacognosy ✔Correct Answer-The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and
animal sources.
Three basic areas of pharmacology ✔Correct Answer-1. Pharmaceutics
2. Pharmacokinetics
3. Pharmacotherapeutics
Chemical name ✔Correct Answer-The name that describes the chemical composition and
molecular structure of a drug . Complicated and difficult to remember.
EX: Tylenol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol)
Generic name ✔Correct Answer-name assigned by the manufacturer who first develops a drug; it
is often derived from the chemical name. Ex: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Trade name ✔Correct Answer-Is a name given by the pharmaceutical company. The drug's
registered trademark. Also called the proprietary name. Drugs can Have more than 1 of these. Ex:
Tylenol (acetaminophen )
Drug classification ✔Correct Answer-A method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or
therapeutic use.
Enteric-coated tablets ✔Correct Answer-Have a special coating that allows them to pass through
the acidic environment of the stomach & dissolve in the more alkaline environment of the small
intestine. DO NOT CRUSH
,Dosage Forms ✔Correct Answer-1. Enteral: Tablets, capsulses, oral soluble wafers, pills, etc.
2. Parenteral: Injectable forms, solutions
3. Topical: Aerosols, ointments, powders, gels, patches, inhalers, rectal and vaginal suppositories
Rate-limiting time ✔Correct Answer-Time necessary for drug to disintegrate and dissolve into the
bloodstream.
Drug has higher rate-limiting time and absorbs quickly if in a(an)
____________________environment. ✔Correct Answer-Acidic, children and elderly absorb more
slowly because their bodies are more alkaline.
Rate the rate-limiting time for the following drug forms from FASTEST to SLOWEST:
A- Powders
B-Coated tablets
C-Lipid soluble liquids, syrups, elixirs
D-Capsules
E-Enteric-coated tablets
F-Water soluble liquids, syrups, elixirs
G-Suspensions
H-Tablets ✔Correct Answer-C, F, G, A, D, H, B, E
What are the 4 phases of Pharmacokinetics? ✔Correct Answer-1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption ✔Correct Answer-The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
blood. Determines how quickly the drug will become therapuetic.
Bioavailability ✔Correct Answer-The percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the
systemic circulation
Rate of absorption may be influenced by: ✔Correct Answer-1. Food injested
2. Pain and Stress
3. Temperature
4. Exercise (increased circulation in body and decreased circulation in GI tract.)
First-pass effect ✔Correct Answer-The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream. Reduces the
bioavailability of the drug to less than 100%
Enteral routes ✔Correct Answer-Route of administration that uses the GI tract, such as swallowing
a pill.
Types: Oral, Sublingual, Buccal, Rectal (can also be topical)
Parenteral routes ✔Correct Answer-Route of administration via a needle into the skin layers.
Intradermal- ID, Subcutaneous- SQ, Intramuscular-IM, Intravenous- IV
Topical routes ✔Correct Answer-Applied to the skin and mucous membranes.
Types:
Eye, nose, ear, respiratory and urinary tract, vagina, and rectum
, Distribution ✔Correct Answer-Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
IV route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Fastest absorption because it enters bloodstream
directly, diluted with large fluid volume, and avoids first pass effect.
2. Needs careful monitoring for safe blood levels, watch for IV site infection, and length of time the IV
site can be used.
3. Higher cost, risk of infection, can't self administer, and irreversible.
IM/Sub-Q route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Absorbed over a long period of time, but more
rapid than oral route, used with drugs that are poorly soluble, several drugs can be administered
simultaneously, if compatible.
2. Use anatomical landmarks to find injection sites and correct syringe/needle size.
3. Discomfort of injection, only small amounts may be given, risk of damage to blood vessels, nerves,
tissue.
Oral route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Easiest, most convenient, least expensive. Safest
route and may be reversible in cases of accidental injection.
2. Take with 6-8 oz of water, for tube administration, line must be flushed before and after.
3. Slow, variable absorption, inactivated by stomach acid, goes through first pass effect, may irritate
stomach.
Sublingual/Buccal route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption, avoids breakdown
by stomach and first-pass effect.
2. Small pills placed under tongue or in cheek.
3. Patient may accidentally swallow pill instead of allowing absorption
Rectal route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption, good when oral route isn't
feasible, less first-pass effect.
2. Absorption can be erratic, discomfort and embarrassment for patient, higher cost than oral.
Topical route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption directly to affected area.
2. Must wear gloves to keep from absorbing into own skin.
3. May be awkward to self administer, messy, and has a higher cost.
Transdermal route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Constant rate of absorption, long lasting, no
first-pass metabolism.
2. Place on alternating sites, to avoid irritation.
3. Rate of absorption can be affected by sweat/water, patch may peel off, irritation, higher cost.
Inhalational route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption, delivered directly to lung
tissue.
2. Absorption rate can be too rapid, increasing drug effects, can be difficult to administer.
What is Albumin and what is it's role in distribution? ✔Correct Answer-The most common blood
protein that carries the majority of protein-bound drug molecules.
Metabolism ✔Correct Answer-Another word for biotransformation. Alteration of a drug into an
inactive metabolite. It passes through the GI tract, to the liver where it is inactived and excretion
occurs.
& 100% Verified Answers |Latest Update |Already
Graded A+
What is a drug? ✔Correct Answer-Any chemical that can affect living processes
Pharmacology ✔Correct Answer-The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
Pharmaceutics ✔Correct Answer-The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which
the drug affects the body
Pharmacodynamics ✔Correct Answer-The study of the biochemical and physiologic interactions of
drugs at their sites of activity.
Pharmacokinetics ✔Correct Answer-The study of what happens to a drug. The process by which
drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacotherapeutics ✔Correct Answer-The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use
of drugs
Pharmacoeconomics ✔Correct Answer-The study of economic factors impacting the cost of drug
therapy.
Pharmacognosy ✔Correct Answer-The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and
animal sources.
Three basic areas of pharmacology ✔Correct Answer-1. Pharmaceutics
2. Pharmacokinetics
3. Pharmacotherapeutics
Chemical name ✔Correct Answer-The name that describes the chemical composition and
molecular structure of a drug . Complicated and difficult to remember.
EX: Tylenol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol)
Generic name ✔Correct Answer-name assigned by the manufacturer who first develops a drug; it
is often derived from the chemical name. Ex: acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Trade name ✔Correct Answer-Is a name given by the pharmaceutical company. The drug's
registered trademark. Also called the proprietary name. Drugs can Have more than 1 of these. Ex:
Tylenol (acetaminophen )
Drug classification ✔Correct Answer-A method of grouping drugs; may be based on structure or
therapeutic use.
Enteric-coated tablets ✔Correct Answer-Have a special coating that allows them to pass through
the acidic environment of the stomach & dissolve in the more alkaline environment of the small
intestine. DO NOT CRUSH
,Dosage Forms ✔Correct Answer-1. Enteral: Tablets, capsulses, oral soluble wafers, pills, etc.
2. Parenteral: Injectable forms, solutions
3. Topical: Aerosols, ointments, powders, gels, patches, inhalers, rectal and vaginal suppositories
Rate-limiting time ✔Correct Answer-Time necessary for drug to disintegrate and dissolve into the
bloodstream.
Drug has higher rate-limiting time and absorbs quickly if in a(an)
____________________environment. ✔Correct Answer-Acidic, children and elderly absorb more
slowly because their bodies are more alkaline.
Rate the rate-limiting time for the following drug forms from FASTEST to SLOWEST:
A- Powders
B-Coated tablets
C-Lipid soluble liquids, syrups, elixirs
D-Capsules
E-Enteric-coated tablets
F-Water soluble liquids, syrups, elixirs
G-Suspensions
H-Tablets ✔Correct Answer-C, F, G, A, D, H, B, E
What are the 4 phases of Pharmacokinetics? ✔Correct Answer-1. Absorption
2. Distribution
3. Metabolism
4. Excretion
Absorption ✔Correct Answer-The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
blood. Determines how quickly the drug will become therapuetic.
Bioavailability ✔Correct Answer-The percentage of the administered drug dose that reaches the
systemic circulation
Rate of absorption may be influenced by: ✔Correct Answer-1. Food injested
2. Pain and Stress
3. Temperature
4. Exercise (increased circulation in body and decreased circulation in GI tract.)
First-pass effect ✔Correct Answer-The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the
GI tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream. Reduces the
bioavailability of the drug to less than 100%
Enteral routes ✔Correct Answer-Route of administration that uses the GI tract, such as swallowing
a pill.
Types: Oral, Sublingual, Buccal, Rectal (can also be topical)
Parenteral routes ✔Correct Answer-Route of administration via a needle into the skin layers.
Intradermal- ID, Subcutaneous- SQ, Intramuscular-IM, Intravenous- IV
Topical routes ✔Correct Answer-Applied to the skin and mucous membranes.
Types:
Eye, nose, ear, respiratory and urinary tract, vagina, and rectum
, Distribution ✔Correct Answer-Transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action
IV route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Fastest absorption because it enters bloodstream
directly, diluted with large fluid volume, and avoids first pass effect.
2. Needs careful monitoring for safe blood levels, watch for IV site infection, and length of time the IV
site can be used.
3. Higher cost, risk of infection, can't self administer, and irreversible.
IM/Sub-Q route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Absorbed over a long period of time, but more
rapid than oral route, used with drugs that are poorly soluble, several drugs can be administered
simultaneously, if compatible.
2. Use anatomical landmarks to find injection sites and correct syringe/needle size.
3. Discomfort of injection, only small amounts may be given, risk of damage to blood vessels, nerves,
tissue.
Oral route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Easiest, most convenient, least expensive. Safest
route and may be reversible in cases of accidental injection.
2. Take with 6-8 oz of water, for tube administration, line must be flushed before and after.
3. Slow, variable absorption, inactivated by stomach acid, goes through first pass effect, may irritate
stomach.
Sublingual/Buccal route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption, avoids breakdown
by stomach and first-pass effect.
2. Small pills placed under tongue or in cheek.
3. Patient may accidentally swallow pill instead of allowing absorption
Rectal route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption, good when oral route isn't
feasible, less first-pass effect.
2. Absorption can be erratic, discomfort and embarrassment for patient, higher cost than oral.
Topical route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption directly to affected area.
2. Must wear gloves to keep from absorbing into own skin.
3. May be awkward to self administer, messy, and has a higher cost.
Transdermal route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Constant rate of absorption, long lasting, no
first-pass metabolism.
2. Place on alternating sites, to avoid irritation.
3. Rate of absorption can be affected by sweat/water, patch may peel off, irritation, higher cost.
Inhalational route considerations ✔Correct Answer-1. Rapid absorption, delivered directly to lung
tissue.
2. Absorption rate can be too rapid, increasing drug effects, can be difficult to administer.
What is Albumin and what is it's role in distribution? ✔Correct Answer-The most common blood
protein that carries the majority of protein-bound drug molecules.
Metabolism ✔Correct Answer-Another word for biotransformation. Alteration of a drug into an
inactive metabolite. It passes through the GI tract, to the liver where it is inactived and excretion
occurs.
