Math 320 Statistic Vocabulary EXAM ELABORATIONS LATEST UPDATED VERSION 100% GUARANTEED (GRADED A+)

Distribution - Answer️•a way to describe the structure of a particular data set or population. Frequency Distribution - Answer️•: a display of the values that occur in a data set and how often each value, or range of values, occurs. Class - Answer️•category of data in a frequency distribution, usually defined as a range of values. Frequencies - Answer️•the number of data values that fall in each class of a frequency distribution. Class Limits - Answer️The smallest and largest values that can belong in a given class. Class Width - Answer️ is the difference between the lower class limits (or upper class limits) of two consecutive classes. Class Boundary - Answer️•the value which lies half-way between the upper class limit of one class and the lower class limit of the next class. Class Midpoint - Answer️the average of the lower limit and upper limit of the same class. Relative Frequency - Answer️the fraction or percentage of the data that fall in to a give class. Cumulative Frequency - Answer️the sum of the frequencies of a given class and all previous classes. The cumulative frequency of the last class is the total number of data values. Pie Chart - Answer️•Display Qualitative Data •Nominal data where categories of data are parts of the whole. •Shows how large each category is in relation to the whole. •Uses percentage of the whole to divide the pie into wedges • Bar Graph - Answer️•Display qualitative or quantitative data. •Can make it easier to see differences in the amounts of data in different categories. •One axis displays the categories, the other axis displays the frequencies. •The bars typically are of equal width. Population - Answer️The particular group of interest on which a particular statistical study is focused. Variable - Answer️A value or characteristic that can change among members of the population. Data - Answer️The counts, measurements, or observations gathered about a specific variable in a population, in order to study it. Census - Answer️A study in which data are obtained from every member of the population. Parameter - Answer️The numerical description of a population characteristic Sample - Answer️•A subset of the population from which data are collected. Sample Statistic - Answer️Numerical description of a sample characteristic Descriptive Statistics - Answer️•Gathers, sorts, summarizes and displays data. Refers to sample data without making any assumptions about the population from which the sample was drawn. Inferential Statistics - Answer️Uses descriptive statistics to estimate population parameters. Interprets and draws conclusions from the sample data to make inferences about the population as a whole. Qualitative Data - Answer️Consists of labels or descriptions of traits.Also known as 'Categorical Data,' may or may not be numerical Quantitative Data - Answer️Consists of labels or descriptions of traits.Also known as 'Categorical Data,' may or may not be numerical Discrete - Answer️•Can take on only particular values and cannot take on values in between. Usually represents counts. Continuous - Answer️Can take on any value in a given range of numbers. Usually represents measurements, such as length or weight. Nominal - Answer️•Qualitative data, consisting of labels or names •No meaningful calculations can be performed •No meaningful order of the categories Ordinal - Answer️•Qualitative data, consisting of labels or names •No meaningful calculations can be performed •Can be arranged in a meaningful order Interval - Answer️•Quantitative Data •Data can be arranged in meaningful order. •Differences between data values are meaningful (subtraction makes sense) •'Zero' doesn't represent the absence of something Ratio - Answer️•Quantitative Data •Data can be arranged in meaningful order. •Differences between data values are meaningful. •'Zero' represents the absence of something. •Multiplication and division make sense (words like "twice" are meaningful). Observational Study - Answer️Observes data that already exists. Experiment - Answer️Generates data to help identify cause and effect relationships. Representative Sample - Answer️A sample from the population being studied which has the same relevant characteristics as the population and does not favor one group form the population over another. Random Sample - Answer️•Every individual member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Simple Random Sample - Answer️Every sample of a particular size has an equal chance of being selected. Stratified - Answer️•The population is divided into subgroups called strata which share similar characteristics (like age, gender, etc.) and a random sample from each stratum is drawn. Cluster - Answer️•The population is divided into groups called clusters which are each similar to the entire population. Randomly select some of the clusters, and sample every member of them. Systematic - Answer️Every n^th member of the population is included in the sample.