ACVPM INFECTIOUS DISEASES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan? -
ANS Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80%
mortality in baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission? - ANS survival
and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - ANS Generally increases in wetter/humid times
of the year which could impact disease rates with climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - ANS RNA virus, so poor fidelity when replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - ANS H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? - ANS High path cause
viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses? - ANS have receptors in their respiratory tract
for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses
What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti - ANS cattle, sheep, and goats
What are the symptoms of Q fever in people? - ANS mild flu like symptoms, can be severe
causing heart and liver problems
How is Q fever spread? - ANS inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid, placenta, and
feces (ticks possible, raw milk)
What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy herds? -
ANS Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of small operations
testing positive and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive with PCR
What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported? -
ANS southwest (it lives in the soil)
What are the symptoms of coccidioides infection? - ANS fever/cough/rash/muscle aches,
severe cases can cause chronic pneumonia and/or meningitis
Who is most at risk of coccidioides? - ANS those with work place exposure (military, border
guards), those over 60, women in 3rd trimester, immunocompromised
What is the reservoir of Baylisascaris procyonis - ANS racoon
What species can be infected by B. procyonis? - ANS Almost anything to include chickens,
quails, dogs, cats, rabbits. Which typically get it on their fur from the soil and ingest during
grooming.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, What are the common sequela of B procyonis infection in people? - ANS visceral, ocurlar, or
neural larval migrans
What disinfectant works best on B procyonis? - ANS none :(
How do raccoons get B procyonis? - ANS Grooming each other when young, ingesting
infected animals (such as rodents)
Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis contamination -
ANS The use communal latrines which can be manmade or natural structures such as
woodpiles, trash cans, flower beds, sand boxes
What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people? - ANS 14
days
Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella? - ANS Vectors (ticks,
fleas, sandflies)
What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people? - ANS RED RASH, flu like symptoms,
lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities
What are the symptoms of progressive inflammatory neuropathy in people and where do they
get it from? - ANS minor weakness and numbness to paralysis, particularly of the lower
extremities, which worsens over time
swine slaughterhouses, particularly those that work with the heads during processing, possibly
related to the use of compressed air to extract brain material
What is the infectious agent for progressive inflammatory neuropathy? - ANS unknown,
thought to be an autoimmune response to antigens associated with porcine brain matter
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
What was the original reason for establishing the national poultry improvement plan? -
ANS Eradicate Pullorm disease, caused by Salmonella pullorm which caused upwards of 80%
mortality in baby poultry
What are some important determinants of vector borne disease transmission? - ANS survival
and reproduction/biting rate/ pathogen incubation rate
How is Malaria affected by climate? el nino? - ANS Generally increases in wetter/humid times
of the year which could impact disease rates with climate change
Five fold increase in years after el nino
Why do Flu viruses mutate so much? - ANS RNA virus, so poor fidelity when replicating
Which influenza strains can be highly pathogenic? - ANS H5/H7
Why does high path AI affect the meat of poultry but not low path? - ANS High path cause
viremia infecting all tissues, low path typically onl affects respiratory +/- GI
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,Why are swine able to mix influenza viruses? - ANS have receptors in their respiratory tract
for both mammalian and avian influenza viruses
What are the most important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetti - ANS cattle, sheep, and goats
What are the symptoms of Q fever in people? - ANS mild flu like symptoms, can be severe
causing heart and liver problems
How is Q fever spread? - ANS inhalation of bacteria spread in amniotic fluid, placenta, and
feces (ticks possible, raw milk)
What did the 2007 dairy study reveal about the prevalence of C burnetti in U.S. dairy herds? -
ANS Increasing prevalence as herd size increased with 69.8percent of small operations
testing positive and 98.8 percent of large operations testing positive with PCR
What area of the country is coccidioidmycosis (valley fever typically reported? -
ANS southwest (it lives in the soil)
What are the symptoms of coccidioides infection? - ANS fever/cough/rash/muscle aches,
severe cases can cause chronic pneumonia and/or meningitis
Who is most at risk of coccidioides? - ANS those with work place exposure (military, border
guards), those over 60, women in 3rd trimester, immunocompromised
What is the reservoir of Baylisascaris procyonis - ANS racoon
What species can be infected by B. procyonis? - ANS Almost anything to include chickens,
quails, dogs, cats, rabbits. Which typically get it on their fur from the soil and ingest during
grooming.
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, What are the common sequela of B procyonis infection in people? - ANS visceral, ocurlar, or
neural larval migrans
What disinfectant works best on B procyonis? - ANS none :(
How do raccoons get B procyonis? - ANS Grooming each other when young, ingesting
infected animals (such as rodents)
Where do raccoons typically defecate? which is the likely source of B procyonis contamination -
ANS The use communal latrines which can be manmade or natural structures such as
woodpiles, trash cans, flower beds, sand boxes
What is cat scratch disease's (Bartonellosis) typical incubation period in people? - ANS 14
days
Aside from cats, how else can someone become infected by Bartonella? - ANS Vectors (ticks,
fleas, sandflies)
What are the symptoms of Bartonella in people? - ANS RED RASH, flu like symptoms,
lymphadenopathy, fever, progressive neurologic abnormalities
What are the symptoms of progressive inflammatory neuropathy in people and where do they
get it from? - ANS minor weakness and numbness to paralysis, particularly of the lower
extremities, which worsens over time
swine slaughterhouses, particularly those that work with the heads during processing, possibly
related to the use of compressed air to extract brain material
What is the infectious agent for progressive inflammatory neuropathy? - ANS unknown,
thought to be an autoimmune response to antigens associated with porcine brain matter
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
