ACVPM - INFECTIOUS DZ EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Contagious Equine Metritis causative agent - ANS Taylorella equigenitalis
Clinical signs of CEM in the barren mare - ANS -mare "breaks dirty" 2-13 days after being bred
-inflammation of endometrium, cervix, vagina
-grey-white vaginal discharge
-Asymptomatic
T/F: Stallions show systemic signs of infections with CEM such as fever - ANS False! T.
equigenitalis exists as a commensal organism on the external anatomy of the stallion. He
experiences NO systemic or local reaction to the organism. Carrier, not infected.
T/F: CEM is a common cause of infectious abortion in the mare - ANS False - very rare (only 2
cases documented)
T/F: Even in naive mares, CEM does not produce systemic clinical signs - ANS True - CEM, if it
causes clinical signs, are always local to the reproductive tract
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,T/F: CEM prevents mares from becoming pregnant for an entire breeding season - ANS False -
frequently they return to estrus and can conceive in the same season
Clinical features of CEM in pregnant mare - ANS -variable vaginal discharge throughout
pregnancy
-low grade placentitis
-abortion (rare)
-asymptomatic
CEM modes of transmission - ANS -direct venereal contact (natural service)
-AI with semen
-fomites (speculum, forceps, etc.)
-"transplacental" - in utero
-foal contact at time of foaling
-washing genitals in colts/breeding stallions
T/F: congenitally acquired carrier state of CEM can occur in colts and fillies - ANS True
Equine Piroplasmosis organism - ANS Theileria equi
Babesia caballi
What is the largest problem in prevention of equine piroplasmosis - ANS clinically silent
persistently infected horses
Equine Piroplasmosis modes of transmission - ANS -ticks (Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus,
hyalomma; Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Amblyomma)
-iatrogenic (needle reuse, dentistry, transfusion)
-Transplacental (rare)
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, Reservoirs for Equine piroplasmosis - ANS Theileria equi = horse only
babesia caballi = horse and tick (transovarial)
Equine piroplasmosis diagnosis - ANS -direct smear (not sensitive - parasites in erythrocytes
can be rare during cycles)
-Serology - cELISA (for quarantine)
-Serology - complement fixation
Equine Piroplasmosis treatment - ANS Imidocarb
Equine piroplasmosis life cycle - ANS Sporozoites injected during feeding by tick, undergo
schizogony and create merozoites. Merozoites ingested by tick during feeding , gametogeny
occurs in the tick midgut, the kinetes travel through the tick hemolymph and invade the salivary
gland cells to form sporozoites.
3 types of influenza virus - ANS A - pandemic & widespread, infects animals
B - regional epidemics
C - sporadic cases, minor outbreaks
Number of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes - ANS Hemagglutinin - 16
Neuraminidase - 9
Which subtypes of flu are considered risky for becoming highly pathogenic - ANS H5 and H7
How are swine unique with respect to type A influenza viruses? - ANS cells in their
respiratory tract have receptors for both mammalian and avian influenza - allowing infection
with both sources (allows for reassortment of genes)
H1N1 - ANS swine flu 2009 and 1918 spanish flu
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
2026
Contagious Equine Metritis causative agent - ANS Taylorella equigenitalis
Clinical signs of CEM in the barren mare - ANS -mare "breaks dirty" 2-13 days after being bred
-inflammation of endometrium, cervix, vagina
-grey-white vaginal discharge
-Asymptomatic
T/F: Stallions show systemic signs of infections with CEM such as fever - ANS False! T.
equigenitalis exists as a commensal organism on the external anatomy of the stallion. He
experiences NO systemic or local reaction to the organism. Carrier, not infected.
T/F: CEM is a common cause of infectious abortion in the mare - ANS False - very rare (only 2
cases documented)
T/F: Even in naive mares, CEM does not produce systemic clinical signs - ANS True - CEM, if it
causes clinical signs, are always local to the reproductive tract
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,T/F: CEM prevents mares from becoming pregnant for an entire breeding season - ANS False -
frequently they return to estrus and can conceive in the same season
Clinical features of CEM in pregnant mare - ANS -variable vaginal discharge throughout
pregnancy
-low grade placentitis
-abortion (rare)
-asymptomatic
CEM modes of transmission - ANS -direct venereal contact (natural service)
-AI with semen
-fomites (speculum, forceps, etc.)
-"transplacental" - in utero
-foal contact at time of foaling
-washing genitals in colts/breeding stallions
T/F: congenitally acquired carrier state of CEM can occur in colts and fillies - ANS True
Equine Piroplasmosis organism - ANS Theileria equi
Babesia caballi
What is the largest problem in prevention of equine piroplasmosis - ANS clinically silent
persistently infected horses
Equine Piroplasmosis modes of transmission - ANS -ticks (Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus,
hyalomma; Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Amblyomma)
-iatrogenic (needle reuse, dentistry, transfusion)
-Transplacental (rare)
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
, Reservoirs for Equine piroplasmosis - ANS Theileria equi = horse only
babesia caballi = horse and tick (transovarial)
Equine piroplasmosis diagnosis - ANS -direct smear (not sensitive - parasites in erythrocytes
can be rare during cycles)
-Serology - cELISA (for quarantine)
-Serology - complement fixation
Equine Piroplasmosis treatment - ANS Imidocarb
Equine piroplasmosis life cycle - ANS Sporozoites injected during feeding by tick, undergo
schizogony and create merozoites. Merozoites ingested by tick during feeding , gametogeny
occurs in the tick midgut, the kinetes travel through the tick hemolymph and invade the salivary
gland cells to form sporozoites.
3 types of influenza virus - ANS A - pandemic & widespread, infects animals
B - regional epidemics
C - sporadic cases, minor outbreaks
Number of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes - ANS Hemagglutinin - 16
Neuraminidase - 9
Which subtypes of flu are considered risky for becoming highly pathogenic - ANS H5 and H7
How are swine unique with respect to type A influenza viruses? - ANS cells in their
respiratory tract have receptors for both mammalian and avian influenza - allowing infection
with both sources (allows for reassortment of genes)
H1N1 - ANS swine flu 2009 and 1918 spanish flu
@COPYRIGHT 2026/2027 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
