NR 566 – Advanced Pharmacology and Therapeutics: Foundations of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Major Antibiotic Classifications (Beta-Lactams, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Sulfonamides), Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic Pharmacodynamics, Broad

NR 566 – Advanced Pharmacology and Therapeutics: Foundations of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Major Antibiotic Classifications (Beta-Lactams, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Sulfonamides), Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic Pharmacodynamics, Broad vs Narrow Spectrum Clinical Decision-Making, Empiric Therapy in Critically Ill and Immunocompromised Patients, Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance, and Penicillin Pharmacokinetics, Renal Elimination, and Toxicity Monitoring – Week 1 Comprehensive Exam Questions Verified and Provided with Complete A+ Graded Rationales Latest Updated 2026 What are the major antibiotic drug classes Beta-lactams: penicillins Beta-lactams: Cephalosporins fluoroquinolones tetracyclines and macrolides sulfonamides, trimethoprim, &nitrofurantoin What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy kill bacteria without harming host tissue Bactericidal antibiotics directly kill bacteria bacteriostatic antibiotics Antibiotics that do not actually kill bacteria but rather inhibit bacterial proliferation while the hosts immune system does the killing which antibiotics are preferred for immunocompromised patients: bactericidal or bacteriostatic bactericidal which antibiotics are preferred for patients with an overwhelming infection: bactericidal or bacteriostatic bactericidal broad spectrum antibiotics affect a broad range of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria narrow spectrum antibiotics Effective against specific bacteria which is used for empiric therapy: narrow or broad broad spectrum Risks of Broad Spectrum disruption of normal floral increases risk of development of antibiotic resistance which antibiotics increase the risk of antibiotic resistance: narrow or broad spectrum and why Broad spectrum because they kill more competing organisms than narrow spectrum drugs is narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics preferred narrow is preferred when possible. broad spectrum only used when pathogen is unknown or when multiple types of bacteria is suspected Bactericidal drugs Aminoglycosides Beta-lactams fluoroquinolones Metronidazole Vancomycin streptogramins most antimycobacterial agents (rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, etc) bacteriostatic drugs