Exam (elaborations) Intro PA Cumulative

What are the exams that the NCCPA administer? PANCE PANRE PANRE-LA CAQ What is the PANCE? (Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam? Entry level exam for ALL PAs 300 questions, 5-hour long exam 5-blocks of 60 questions (60 minutes per block) 45 minutes of break $550 cost *MAX of 6 attempts within 6 years of graduation - failure to pass = reattend PA school What degree does a DO hold and what is their scope of practice? DO = Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine; similar to MDs but also trained in Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT). Osteopathic Medical School • 4 years (2 didactic, 2 clinical) • Manipulative treatment • 200+ hours training on MSK system Postgraduate Residency Training • 1 year required • 3+ years of residency What degree does a DPM hold and what is their scope of practice? DPM = Doctor of Podiatric Medicine; specializes in conditions of the foot, ankle, and lower extremity. Can perform surgery and prescribe. Postgraduate Residency Training • 3 years in hospital • May go on to fellowship after residency What degree does a DC hold and what is their scope of practice? DC = Doctor of Chiropractic; focuses on musculoskeletal health, especially the spine, using spinal adjustments. Cannot prescribe medications or perform surgery. Doctoral Graduate School Program • Approximately 4 years • National Board exam What are the different types of nurses and their training levels? CNA: Basic care, certified after short training. LPN/LVN: 1-year program, provides basic nursing care. RN: Associate’s or Bachelor’s degree (ADN/BSN). APRN: Advanced training (NP/DNP, CRNA, CNS, CNM). Nursing Educational Pyramid RN Education and Training Diploma in Nursing (RN) • 2 or 3-year program • Hospital-based schools of nursing Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) • 2-year degree • Community colleges or trade school • Hospital-based schools of nursing Bachelor of Science Degree in Nursing (BS/BSN) • 4-year degree • Colleges and universities • Campus or online APRN Master Degree in Nursing (MSN) • Direct entry for non-nurses with a bachelor's in another field • RN to MSN for RN's with a ADN or diploma • MSN to specialty Doctorate (DNP or PhD) • BSN to DNP in 2 phases: BSN to MSN à MSN to DNP • MSN to DNP NP to DNP roles: • Primary and preventive care • Treat and diagnose illnesses • Manage chronic disease • Advise on public health issues • Specialty roles • NP/DNP: Primary care or specialty • CNM: Gynecology/Obstetrics • CNS: Specialty practice CRNA:Anesthesioloy NP (Nurse Practitioners) vs. PAs PAs attend a medical-model graduate program; NPs are advanced practice nurses with a nursing model background. Both can diagnose, treat, and prescribe, but vary by state in independence. Summary: education, recertification, independence, medical focus, required clinical hours to graduate What is the training pathway for an NP? Master's or Doctorate in Nursing Practice (MSN or DNP) + national certification. What is the training pathway for a PA? Master's degree from an ARC-PA accredited program + PANCE certification. How do PAs differ from Surgical Assistants (SAs)? PAs have a broader scope and can diagnose/treat; SAs focus on assisting in surgery, often without the authority to prescribe or diagnose. How do PAs differ from Anesthesia Assistants (AAs)? AAs are specifically trained in anesthesia and work under anesthesiologists. PAs have general medical training and a broader scope. CRNA vs. AA CRNAs provide high quality anesthesia care with or without physician oversight. AAs are DEPENDENT practitioners who are not trained to make autonomous decisions when there are lapses in supervision2. CRNAs provide quality care with or without physician oversight Doctor of Naturopathy (ND) • Whole-patient wellness • Identify underlying causes of diseases • Therapies to facilitate process of self-healing through natural therapies • Herbs, massage, acupuncture, exercise, and nutritional counseling Scope of Practice: Varies by jurisdiction—some NDs can: Diagnose and treat conditions Order labs and imaging Prescribe medications (in some areas) Perform minor surgery NPLEX certification Not the same as traditional naturopath • Don’t attend an accredited naturopathic medical school nor receive a license Doctor of Homeopathy (DHt) DO or MD with extra credential • Body has the ability to heal itself • Illness is a normal response of the body as it attempts to regain health • Uses pills or liquid solutions (plant or mineral) for treatment of disease Regulation DHt Licensure • MD, DO or non-licensed • Laws vary state to state • Licensure Connecticut, Nevada and Arizona Certification • MDs and DOs via oral and written exam • 150 credit hours of homeopathic education • 10 treated chronic cases for presentation What are the 3 PA-training models of education? CHA/PA @ University of Colorado MEDEX @ University of Washington Traditional PA programs (like our program) Overview of the University of Colorado CHA/PA program 3-year program: -integrated 1st and 2nd year: didactic integrates clinical experiences. -3rd year: 10 one-month rotations. -Curriculum instead adults AND pediatric med