Apex Cardiovascular Mobile Flashcards (LATEST 2026 /
2027) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE
A+
Terms in this set (88) Exam Questions Verified Answers
1. Define chronotropy heart rate
2. Define inotropy strength of contraction (contractility)
3. Define dromotrophy Conduction velocity- how fast the
action potential travels per time
4. Define lusitropy Rate of myocardial relaxation during
diastole
5. Describe the function of the sodium- -The Na/K Pump maintains the cell's
potassium pump resting potential. It keeps the inside of
the cell negative and the outside of the
cell positive.
-For every 3 Na+ ions it removes, it
brings 2 K+ ions into the cell
6. List the 5 phases of the ventricular action Phase 0- depolarization- Na influx
potential and describe the ionic Phase 1-Initial repolarization- K+
, movement during each phase. efflux and Cl influx
Phase 2- Plateau- Calcium influx
Phase 3- Repolarization- K+ efflux
Phase 4- Na/K pump restores RMP
7. List the 3 phases of the SA node action Phase 4- spontaneous depolarization-
potential and describe the ionic Leaky to Na (Ca influx occurs at the
movement during each phase. very end of phase 4)
Phase 0- Depolarization- Ca influx
Phase 3- Repolarization- K efflux
8. What process determines the intrinsic Heart rate is determined by the rate of
heart rate, and what physiologic factors spontaneous phase 4 depolarization in
alter it? the SA node
-We can increase HR by manipulating
3 variables
-The rate of spontaneous phase 4
depolarization increases (reaches TP
faster)
-TP becomes more negative (shorter
distance between RMP and TP)
-RMP becomes less negative (Shorter
distance between RMP and TP)
-When RMP/TP are close = easier for
cell to depolarize
, -When RMP/TP are far = harder for
cell to depolarize
9. What is the calculation for mean arterial MAP = SBP + 2DBP/3
blood pressure?
10. What is the formula for SVR? What are MAP-CVP/CO x 80
normal values? Normal 800-1500dynes/sec/cm5
11. What is the formula for pulmonary [(MPAP-PAOP)/CO] x 80
vascular resistance? What are normal Normal 150-250 dynes/sec/cm5
values?
12. Describe the Frank-Starling relationship -Describes the relationship between
ventricular volume (preload) and
ventricular output (cardiac output)
-Increasing preload increases
ventricular output, but only up to a
point. To the right of the plateau
additional volume over-stretches the
ventricular sarcomeres, reducing
cardiac output.
13. What factors affect myocardial *Chemicals affect Contractility -
contractility? particularly Calcium
14. What factors cause increased SNS stimulation, catecholamines,
contractility? calcium, digitalis, PDE-I
2027) QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% CORRECT | GRADE
A+
Terms in this set (88) Exam Questions Verified Answers
1. Define chronotropy heart rate
2. Define inotropy strength of contraction (contractility)
3. Define dromotrophy Conduction velocity- how fast the
action potential travels per time
4. Define lusitropy Rate of myocardial relaxation during
diastole
5. Describe the function of the sodium- -The Na/K Pump maintains the cell's
potassium pump resting potential. It keeps the inside of
the cell negative and the outside of the
cell positive.
-For every 3 Na+ ions it removes, it
brings 2 K+ ions into the cell
6. List the 5 phases of the ventricular action Phase 0- depolarization- Na influx
potential and describe the ionic Phase 1-Initial repolarization- K+
, movement during each phase. efflux and Cl influx
Phase 2- Plateau- Calcium influx
Phase 3- Repolarization- K+ efflux
Phase 4- Na/K pump restores RMP
7. List the 3 phases of the SA node action Phase 4- spontaneous depolarization-
potential and describe the ionic Leaky to Na (Ca influx occurs at the
movement during each phase. very end of phase 4)
Phase 0- Depolarization- Ca influx
Phase 3- Repolarization- K efflux
8. What process determines the intrinsic Heart rate is determined by the rate of
heart rate, and what physiologic factors spontaneous phase 4 depolarization in
alter it? the SA node
-We can increase HR by manipulating
3 variables
-The rate of spontaneous phase 4
depolarization increases (reaches TP
faster)
-TP becomes more negative (shorter
distance between RMP and TP)
-RMP becomes less negative (Shorter
distance between RMP and TP)
-When RMP/TP are close = easier for
cell to depolarize
, -When RMP/TP are far = harder for
cell to depolarize
9. What is the calculation for mean arterial MAP = SBP + 2DBP/3
blood pressure?
10. What is the formula for SVR? What are MAP-CVP/CO x 80
normal values? Normal 800-1500dynes/sec/cm5
11. What is the formula for pulmonary [(MPAP-PAOP)/CO] x 80
vascular resistance? What are normal Normal 150-250 dynes/sec/cm5
values?
12. Describe the Frank-Starling relationship -Describes the relationship between
ventricular volume (preload) and
ventricular output (cardiac output)
-Increasing preload increases
ventricular output, but only up to a
point. To the right of the plateau
additional volume over-stretches the
ventricular sarcomeres, reducing
cardiac output.
13. What factors affect myocardial *Chemicals affect Contractility -
contractility? particularly Calcium
14. What factors cause increased SNS stimulation, catecholamines,
contractility? calcium, digitalis, PDE-I
