CHSO 404 ACTUAL FINAL EXAM
2026 COMPLETE WITH
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+ | CHSO 404 LATEST
EXAM 2 2026
What are the two neural cells and what are their functions? - ANSWER- neurons-
functional cells of the nervous system that contain the cell body, dendrites, and
axons
schwann cells- supporting cells in the PNS that produce myelin to facilitate rapid
conduction of an action potential
How do nerve cells communicate? - ANSWER- action potentials- ionic changes
that allow conduction of info along with length of the axon
synaptic transmission- process by which a neuron conveys info to another cell such
as a neuron, muscle cell, or gland
neurotransmitter- key to synaptic transmission; chemical signal released from the
presynaptic neuron that interacts with the post synaptic cell
What are the 5 parts of the cerebral hemisphere? (Cerebrum) - ANSWER- frontal
,lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe limbic system
What does the frontal lobe control? - ANSWER- primary motor cortex for precise
movement of hands and feet, phonation (speech), premotor and motor association
cortex for planning of complex learned movement patterns
What does the parietal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary somatosensory cortex and
somatosensory association cortex for perceiving the meaningfulness of integrated
sensory inputs
,What does the temporal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary auditory cortex important
for discrimination of sounds entering opposite ears, memory associated with
certain sound patterns, long term memory and recall
What does the occipital lobe do? - ANSWER- primary visual cortex, visual
association cortex to interpret meaning of visual experiences
What does the limbic system do? - ANSWER- within cerebrum, governs emotional
experiences and controls emotion-related behavior
What is the diencephalon? What two things compose of this area? - ANSWER-
superior to the brain stem and is enclosed by the cereal hemisphere (the thalamus
and hypothalamus)
What are two types of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs)? Explain each. - ANSWER-
concussion- caused by sudden movement of brain as during a sports injury, car
accident, or fall; most common form of TBI; diffuse, but transient and reversible;
s/sx- temporary loss of consciousness, changes in respiration, hypotension,
bradycardia, and amnesia
cerebral contusion- bruising of brain tissue; present in 20-30% severe head
injuries; associated with blunt trauma in closed head injuries; partially reversible,
depending on severity
closed vs open head injury - ANSWER- closed- intact skull
open- skull fracture
define hematoma - ANSWER- focal injury involving collection of blood in or
around the brain, often caused by hemorrhage
, primary vs secondary brain injury? - ANSWER- primary brain injury- refers to
structural damage at the moment of trauma to neurons, glial cells, and blood
vessels (aka initial physical damage)
secondary brain injury- occurs as body responds to primary injury; changes to
blood flow; edema and subsequent intracranial pressure, can lead to brain cell
death or herniation; can significantly worsen the damage from primary injury
What are the three types of secondary brain injuries? - ANSWER- hypoxic and
ischemic injury- decreased oxygen availability in brain tissue; ischemic reduces
availability of glucose and removal of waste product
cerebral edema- results from accumulation of fluids; damage to BBB or swelling
of brain cells due to inadequate waste removal
ICP- fluid accumulation due to inflammatory or edematous processes- reduction of
tissue perfusion; hypoxia and neuronal death; can lead to herniation (brain pushed
out of confined area into area of lower pressure)
Define the difference between epidural, subdural, and intracerebral hemorrhage. -
ANSWER- epidural- arterial bleed (middle meningeal artery) into extradural space
between skull and outermost brain layer- dura mater
What does the thalamus do? - ANSWER- relay station for info to and from the
cerebral cortex, relays sensory info to the sensory cortex, relays critical info
regarding motor activities to and from regions of the motor cortex, allows for crud
recognition of pleasant and unpleasant, and some auditory experiences
What does the hypothalamus do? - ANSWER- master gland that controls most
homeostatic processes in the body- regulates water balance, hunger-satiety, water
balance, overall metabolism, and body temperature
also controls autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and regulates pituitary
2026 COMPLETE WITH
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+ | CHSO 404 LATEST
EXAM 2 2026
What are the two neural cells and what are their functions? - ANSWER- neurons-
functional cells of the nervous system that contain the cell body, dendrites, and
axons
schwann cells- supporting cells in the PNS that produce myelin to facilitate rapid
conduction of an action potential
How do nerve cells communicate? - ANSWER- action potentials- ionic changes
that allow conduction of info along with length of the axon
synaptic transmission- process by which a neuron conveys info to another cell such
as a neuron, muscle cell, or gland
neurotransmitter- key to synaptic transmission; chemical signal released from the
presynaptic neuron that interacts with the post synaptic cell
What are the 5 parts of the cerebral hemisphere? (Cerebrum) - ANSWER- frontal
,lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe limbic system
What does the frontal lobe control? - ANSWER- primary motor cortex for precise
movement of hands and feet, phonation (speech), premotor and motor association
cortex for planning of complex learned movement patterns
What does the parietal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary somatosensory cortex and
somatosensory association cortex for perceiving the meaningfulness of integrated
sensory inputs
,What does the temporal lobe do? - ANSWER- primary auditory cortex important
for discrimination of sounds entering opposite ears, memory associated with
certain sound patterns, long term memory and recall
What does the occipital lobe do? - ANSWER- primary visual cortex, visual
association cortex to interpret meaning of visual experiences
What does the limbic system do? - ANSWER- within cerebrum, governs emotional
experiences and controls emotion-related behavior
What is the diencephalon? What two things compose of this area? - ANSWER-
superior to the brain stem and is enclosed by the cereal hemisphere (the thalamus
and hypothalamus)
What are two types of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs)? Explain each. - ANSWER-
concussion- caused by sudden movement of brain as during a sports injury, car
accident, or fall; most common form of TBI; diffuse, but transient and reversible;
s/sx- temporary loss of consciousness, changes in respiration, hypotension,
bradycardia, and amnesia
cerebral contusion- bruising of brain tissue; present in 20-30% severe head
injuries; associated with blunt trauma in closed head injuries; partially reversible,
depending on severity
closed vs open head injury - ANSWER- closed- intact skull
open- skull fracture
define hematoma - ANSWER- focal injury involving collection of blood in or
around the brain, often caused by hemorrhage
, primary vs secondary brain injury? - ANSWER- primary brain injury- refers to
structural damage at the moment of trauma to neurons, glial cells, and blood
vessels (aka initial physical damage)
secondary brain injury- occurs as body responds to primary injury; changes to
blood flow; edema and subsequent intracranial pressure, can lead to brain cell
death or herniation; can significantly worsen the damage from primary injury
What are the three types of secondary brain injuries? - ANSWER- hypoxic and
ischemic injury- decreased oxygen availability in brain tissue; ischemic reduces
availability of glucose and removal of waste product
cerebral edema- results from accumulation of fluids; damage to BBB or swelling
of brain cells due to inadequate waste removal
ICP- fluid accumulation due to inflammatory or edematous processes- reduction of
tissue perfusion; hypoxia and neuronal death; can lead to herniation (brain pushed
out of confined area into area of lower pressure)
Define the difference between epidural, subdural, and intracerebral hemorrhage. -
ANSWER- epidural- arterial bleed (middle meningeal artery) into extradural space
between skull and outermost brain layer- dura mater
What does the thalamus do? - ANSWER- relay station for info to and from the
cerebral cortex, relays sensory info to the sensory cortex, relays critical info
regarding motor activities to and from regions of the motor cortex, allows for crud
recognition of pleasant and unpleasant, and some auditory experiences
What does the hypothalamus do? - ANSWER- master gland that controls most
homeostatic processes in the body- regulates water balance, hunger-satiety, water
balance, overall metabolism, and body temperature
also controls autonomic nervous system (involuntary) and regulates pituitary
