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Data Management Foundations C175 – WGU 2026 – 350+ Exam Questions & Answers on SQL, ER Modeling, Normalization & Data Warehousing

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This document contains more than 350 structured exam questions and verified answers for Data Management Foundations (C175) at Western Governors University (WGU). It comprehensively covers database fundamentals including data models (hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented), entity-relationship modeling (ERD, cardinality, participation, weak and strong entities), keys and constraints, normalization (1NF through BCNF and 4NF), SQL commands (DDL, DML, aggregate functions, joins, subqueries), transaction properties, and database integrity rules. In addition to core relational concepts, the document thoroughly addresses big data foundations (Hadoop, HDFS, MapReduce, 3 Vs), NoSQL models, distributed databases, business intelligence, data warehouses, data marts, OLAP (ROLAP, MOLAP), ETL processes, dashboards, KPIs, multidimensional databases, and performance considerations. The content reflects terminology and conceptual depth consistent with the textbook Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Management by Carlos Coronel and Steven Morris, which aligns closely with the C175 curriculum structure. This resource is especially suitable for students enrolled in: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) Bachelor of Science in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance (BSCIA) Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering Bachelor of Science in Data Analytics or Data Management IT-related associate or undergraduate database foundation courses It is ideal for first-year and second-year undergraduate students, competency-based learners preparing for the C175 objective assessment, and professionals reviewing database fundamentals for certification or academic progression. The question-and-answer format supports active recall, exam simulation, structured revision, and reinforcement of both theoretical understanding and applied SQL knowledge. Keywords: database management system, relational model, entity relationship diagram, ER modeling, primary key, foreign key, referential integrity, normalization, first normal form, second normal form, third normal form, BCNF, SQL commands, DDL, DML, aggregate functions, joins, subqueries, transaction atomicity, data warehouse, data mart, business intelligence, OLAP, ROLAP, MOLAP, ETL process, Hadoop, HDFS, MapReduce, big data, NoSQL, distributed database, multidimensional database, data integrity, database design, schema, constraints

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Data Management Foundations -
WGU C175 2026 Exam Questions
and Verified Answers | Already
Graded A+



ad hoc query - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A "spur-of-the-moment" question


analytical database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A database focused primarily on

storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic

decision making

,availability - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔In the context of data security, it refers to the

accessibility of data whenever required by authorized users and for

authorized purposes


centralized database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A database located at a single site


cloud database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A database that is created and maintained

using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS


data - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed

to reveal their meaning to the end user


data anomaly - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An abnormality of the data in which

inconsistent changes have been made to a database (For example, an

employee moves, but the address changes is not corrected in all files in the

database)


data dependence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A data condition in which data

representation and manipulation are dependent on the physical data

storage characteristics

,data dictionary - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A DBMS component that stores metadata.

Contains the data definition, as well as their characteristics and

relationships


data inconsistency - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A condition in which different versions

of the same data yield different results


data independence - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A condition in which data access is

unaffected by changes in the physical data storage characteristics


data integrity - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔In a relational database, a condition in which

the data in the database complies with all entity and referential integrity

constraints


data management - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A process that focuses on data

collection, storage, and retrieval.


data processing (DP) specialist - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The person responsible for

developing and managing a computerized file processing system


data redundancy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Exists when the same data is stored

unnecessarily at different places




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, database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A shared, integrated computer structure that

houses a collection of related data including end-user data (raw facts) and

metadata (data about the data)


database design - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that yields the description of

the database structure and determines the database components. The

second phase of the database life cycle


database management system (DBMS) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The collection of

programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the

data stored in the database


database system - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An organization of components that

defines and regulates the collection, storage, management, and use of data

in a database environment


desktop database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A single-user database that runs on a

personal computer


discipline-specific database - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A database that contains data

focused on specific subject areas

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